**Abstract**

The proper use of imaging modalities produces an image that aids in the detection of early stage abnormalities such as cancer, the identification of small precise lesions, and the presentation of internal illustration. A high-quality image can help doctors, radiologists, medical physicists, biomedical engineers, and scientists to make important decisions on ameliorate treatment planning that can reduce cancer mortality rates and provide life-saving results. This chapter outlines the features, attributes, and processing techniques of various medical imaging modalities utilized in the fields of radiation therapy and biomedical engineering. This study highlighted the significance of image processing in medical physics and biomedical engineering, characteristics of mammography, computed tomography (CT), ultrasound, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and positron emission tomography (PET) images. With their advanced application, various image processing approaches are distinguished. Images are collected through the journal, useful websites, the internet, or other sources. That can help teachers, students, researchers, scientists, and others comprehend and learn how to apply image processing techniques and which techniques will suit which modalities image. This chapter will provide a clear understanding of image processing techniques for medical physics and biomedical engineering participants, as well as an abundance of learning opportunities.

**Keywords:** mammography, ultrasound, computed tomography, positron emission tomography (PET), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), image processing techniques, medical physics, biomedical engineering and importance
