**1.3 Motivation**

The day by day increase in population growth, there is huge need of crop production this crop production mainly depends on the nutrients present in the soil, pH of irrigation water supplied and location specific crop cultivation. Hence it is required for farmers to select suitable crop by monitoring water pH and soil nutrients of the agricultural land. The main motivation of this project is to automate the process of soil nutrient and pH of irrigation water testing and develop an advisory mobile application for farmers to suggests suitable crop based on analysis made on the soil test report to increase crop yield. Farmers usually starts work early during planting and work till harvesting of crops because of their hard work everyone has their daily bread on table. His/her life can be made little better by establishing communication link between APMC authority and farmer to ensure fair marketing price by providing direct selling and buying option through the developed mobile application. Thus, achieving minimum profit out of cultivation. So, farmer's life can be made a tension free by guarantying buying of the agriculture product before they start cultivation through this mobile app and provide all the necessary information for farming or cultivation hence, this mobile application is developed.

## **1.4 Organization of chapter**

The entire project chapter is organized in six sections. **Section 1** Introduces the system, and presents overview, scope and objectives and motivation of the proposed work. **Section 2** provides the summary of the existing work and survey of various literatures. **Section 3** describes the proposed model with module description, workflow and advantages of system. **Section 4** discusses the system design and description of each module of the system. Finally, **Section 5** depicts the results and discussion, comparison and method of increasing the accuracy with Graphical result analysis.

#### *1.4.1 Section 2: Literature survey*

Organic farming started along with the human civilization but it was totally dependent on nature. Due to increase in the population, there is higher demand for the agricultural products also increased. In-order to cope with this demand farmers started using fertilizers. Indiscriminate use of pesticides and chemicals polluted soil, water and whole ecosystem. Off late our farmers from different parts of India are switching over to sustainable agriculture practice in fields by adopting smart farming techniques as part of Digital India campaign to promote Digital Agriculture.

Exhaustive literature survey is carried out to determine the soil primary nutrients and pH value of the irrigation water of the agriculture field, the technologies employed for the agricultural activities, the mobile applications etc. The research work is enlisted in the **Table 2**.

Location specific cultivation of crop provides better yield and selecting the best suitable crop based on the soil parameter using ICT enabled Machine Learning technology results in high accuracy and sustainable agriculture. Some of recent works done in this direction are summarized and enlisted in **Table 3**.


*Organic Farming for Sustainable Agriculture Using Water and Soil Nutrients DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.100319*


#### **Table 2.**

*Summary of the literature review.*

#### *1.4.2 Summary of the literature survey*

In the literature survey, several techniques are proposed by the authors by covering various areas of the agriculture including usage of different technology such as Internet of Things (IoT) technique for determining and monitoring soil nutrients, Drones for automation of crop management and identifying harvesting period of crop. Further Machine Learning calculations, for example, k-Nearest Neighbor (k-NN), Support Vector Machines (SVM) and Artificial Neural Network (ANN) have been utilized for foreseeing the harvest yield. The mobile applications for the educated farmers in monitoring the agriculture activities including suggestions, notifications, APMC marketing, direct marketing etc.

#### **1.5 Problems in the existing system**

No proper guidance about the soil nutrients is available to the farmer, organic crop/food requirement in the market, non-support of local language in the application, lack of awareness about the location specific crop cultivation and less profit due to occurrence of third party in marketing of agricultural products [26].

#### **1.6 Issues and challenges**

Some of the issue and challenges of the existing techniques proposed by various authors and reported in the literature are identified and are enlisted in the following:


