Meet the editors

Metin Turan received his Ph.D. from the Department of Soil Science and Plant Nutrition, Atatürk University, Turkey in 2002. He is currently a professor in the Department of Genetics and Bioengineering, Yeditepe University, Turkey. His research mainly focuses on soil ecology and biological fertilizer applications. Dr. Turan has more than 100 research publications to his credit. He is a member of many international organizations such as the

International Federation of Organic Agriculture Movements (IFOAM), Research Institute of Organic Agriculture (FiBL), and European Biostimulants Industry Council (EBIC), and he has chaired many conferences in Turkey and Europe.

Ertan Yildirim is a full professor in the Department of Horticulture, Atatürk University, Turkey. He received his Ph.D. in Horticulture from the same university in 2003. His research focuses on vegetable growing, vegetable breeding, greenhouse management, seed germination and physiology, organic agriculture, and stress physiology. Dr. Yildirim has more than 200 publications to his credit.

Contents

for a Healthy Ecosystem *by Alabi Olusoji David*

and Soil Nutrients

*by Helen Avery*

*and Zachée Ambang*

*and Rashmi P. Karchi*

Agriculture in the MENA Region

**Preface XI**

**Chapter 1 1**

**Chapter 2 13**

**Chapter 3 29**

**Chapter 4 59**

**Chapter 5 83**

**Chapter 6 97**

**Chapter 7 109**

Improving Soil Fertility with Organic Fertilizers *by Mavis Badu Brempong and Abigail Addo-Danso*

Restoration of Soil Organic Carbon a Reliable Sustenance

Organic Farming for Sustainable Agriculture Using Water

*by Sanjeevakumar M. Hatture, Pallavi V. Yankati, Rashmi Saini* 

The Role of Organic Fertilizers in Transition to Sustainable

Fertilizing Potential in Cocoa-Based Agroforestry System *by Milie Lionelle Tsouga Manga, René Menoh A Ngon, Etienne Akoutou Mvondo, Eunice Ndo, Bidzanga Nomo* 

Vermicompost for Sustainable Agriculture and Bioconversion

Biosynthesis of Zinc Nanocomplex Employing for Plant Growth

of Terrestrial Weed Biomass into Vermicompost *by Chaichi Devi and Meena Khwairakpam*

Promotion and Bio-Control of *Pythium ultimum by Shaima M.N. Moustafa and Rania H. Taha*

Farmer's Perception of Associates Non-Cocoa Tree's Leaf Litterfall
