**4. Carbon sequestration and sustainable practice**

Perennial energy crop serves as a feedstock for agricultural biogas are agroecological sustainable [9, 14, 29]. They prevent environmental degradation such as erosion and soil compaction. They provide lower methane yield [1, 9, 24]. They reduce management effort and cost fertilization. They create a balance in groundwater quality and greenhouse gas emission [5, 9]. This perennial energy crop includes pliscanthus *Miscanthus gigateus*, cup plant *Siliphium perforliatum. L*, wheatgrass *Agropyron elongatum* [14, 37]. Research findings indicate that these perennial energy crops are potentially useful in carbon sequestration [35, 37]. They prevent the use of minimum and conventional tillage which support one or two pass tractors on agricultural land [12, 26]. It retains organic matter in the below and above plants since soil organisms are active and efficient [23, 39]. This practice enhances the formation of complex humid compounds which over time may increase soil organic matter [33, 40]. Some research findings reveal that perennial crops are efficient than annual energy crops such as maize and wheat [6, 11, 19]. Their impact on climate with regards to soil organic matter and greenhouse gas emissions is not beneficial as a perennial energy plant [24, 45]. It was also found that perennial energy crop increases soil organic carbon and nitrogen [29, 37]. Higher microbial biomass and better-developed soil fractal aggregation. it provides a stable organic matter [45]. An experiment was conducted on the distribution and drive of soil organic matter under perennial energy crops. It was found that carbon concentration in the soil cultivated with perennial energy crops was a significantly higher fraction [24, 29]. A significant difference was observed in the perennial crop. Perennial crop such as cup plant and giant-knot weed has higher carbon concentration [24, 29]. It was also found that perennial crop cultivation resulted in higher SOC and elevated bulk density than maize and wheat [24, 29]. It was also recorded that the microbial activities in the soil for the perennial crop were continually [22, 23]. The highest

*Restoration of Soil Organic Carbon a Reliable Sustenance for a Healthy Ecosystem DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.100188*

and lowest microbial activities were obtained in the perennial crop than in an annual crop [22, 23]. 1,4 β glucobiosidae shows a positive output with soil organic matter. A consistent increase was observed plot cultivated with perennial energy crops [24, 29]. It was also recorded that the aboveground production depends on the cultivated species. The vegetation period plays a significant role in pre-harvest [22, 45]. This may result in light intensity and internal nutrient distribution for young shoots and roots [24, 29].
