**1. Introduction**

The development of urban areas requires integrated and sustainable territorial development focused on ensuring a safe and favorable environment for human life, Limiting the negative impact of various activities on the environment and ensuring the protection and rational use of natural resources in order to safeguard the interests of present and future generations. The development of urban passenger transport and green mobility is therefore an important issue.

Priority development of urban passenger transport is ensured both by urban planning solutions and by technical solutions. In modern urban development theory and practice, the most effective solutions for the development of urban passenger transport systems include:


As the accessibility of urban passenger transport increases, so does the attractiveness of the city as a whole, resulting in a greater concentration of service enterprises and other places of work.


**Table 1.**

*Standard travel times to work places in cities.*

In the general practice of urban planning and transport, accessibility is determined by various factors, including:


Transport accessibility refers to the normative measure of travel time between different points within cities and agglomerations. In the design of the road network, one of the important parameters determining the required quality of the urban road network is the time between any two points in the city [1].

Transport accessibility of urban and regional areas is one of the most important economic characteristics.

In this connection, it is necessary to point out the need to develop up-todate criteria and standards for assessing accessibility. Since Soviet times, the Russian Federation has had building regulations and norms (SNIP 2.07.01–89, SP 42.13330.2016) [2], which establish time-consuming requirements for travel to work. Even in cities with more than one million inhabitants, 90 per cent of working people are not required to spend more than 45 minutes traveling from their place of residence to their place of work (one way) (**Table 1**). The established travel time standards need to be calculated to obtain intermediate values based on the number of urban residents. In addition, the standard states that daily commuting from other locations to a downtown place of work is permitted, but not more than two times.

The improvement of transport infrastructure is an essential tool in the implementation of regional policies for sustainable development, it also makes it possible to reduce disparities in the spatial development of different urban centers and agglomerations and to increase the attractiveness of remote and sparsely populated areas [3, 4].
