**2.6 Experience of housing in Turkey, Iran, Central Asia**

In this region a part of the old Islamic civilization developed, in which the architecture of the residential buildings is distinguished by the ingenious way in which it offers protection against excessive horses. Although the predominant type of housing is the one with an inner courtyard, an inner courtyard closed on all sides, either with buildings or with high walls. Here several variants coexist. The streets and buildings that border them form an organic unit, with the aim of thermal protection. There are different specific spaces with a thermal role. TAKURE, the area of Iran and Central Asia, RAWAQUL SHURFA, etc. [49]. All these spaces being enriched with interior and exterior decorations. The windows are replaced with sanasil, so that the partitions on the ground floor and first floor are permanently cooled by the shadow left by them Courtyards are the center of the plans of houses in south turkey. Courtyard houses, which represent the cultural layers of the Middle East, also characterize the traditional dwellings in some neighboring countries, such as Syria, Iraq, and Iran (see **Figure 15**). However, it is impossible to separate this plan type from the Anatolian cultural layers, like house plans [50].

**Figure 13.** *A traditional Iraqi dwelling [46].*

**Figure 14.** *The "SHANASHIL" in traditional Iraqi dwelling.*
