**1. Introduction**

One of the most critical phenomena in the real estate sector to reduce the environmental impact and climate change is sustainable houses. "All nature strives for self-preservation," said the philosopher Cicero. And residents of megalopolises, too, increasingly began to think about the future of cities and how to improve the environmental background around their place of residence. One of the most innovative urban developments in the twenty-first century is the design of buildings and entire neighborhoods in sustainable architecture. Ebenezer Howard, whose 1902 book was entitled *Garden City of Tomorrow* and whose political and social agenda has recently made a comeback [1]. The idea of sustainability involves enhancing the quality of life, thus allowing people to live in a healthy environment with improved social, economic, and environmental conditions [2]. In addition, this type of building facilitates the most respected lifestyle with the territory, reducing the ecological footprint.

Sustainability is an essential subject in the housing research area, and it is a challenging theme for city inhabitants, builders, and architects around the world. And it is a complex theme for city inhabitants, builders, and architects around the world. In general, a sustainable building is environmentally friendly high-tech architecture. It strives to minimize the negative impact on the environment through the efficient and thoughtful use of materials, energy, space, and the ecosystem. Sustainable housing design focuses on energy conservation, environmental protection, and many other supporting factors. Sustainable housing aims to provide affordable, sustainable housing for all city inhabitants. Therefore, sustainable housing provides and discusses sustainable housing in the context of affordability. Housing costs include initial construction costs and building operation and maintenance costs. Therefore, low-cost housing based on the entire life cycle is the real low-cost housing; high-quality housing means that the housing needs to have good building quality and focus on providing users with high-quality living conditions. In the final analysis, the house is for the occupants [3]. A healthy and livable indoor and outdoor environment is more conducive to the physical and mental health of the occupants.

A sustainable house is not just a fashion trend or a trend from the West. In today's world, rising energy prices and the finite nature of these resources raise the acute problem of the operating costs of housing. The development of energyefficient buildings is now being actively pursued in Europe, where government programs have been developed to bring all facilities to a low level of energy consumption. The sustainable house has ecological materials, uses recyclable systems, and is supplied by clean energy. Sustainability is a broad and complex concept,

which has become one of the significant issues in housing buildings. In the process of developing ideas in the field of sustainable housing design, dozens of specialists, such as architects, urban planners, ecologists, sociologists, and others, calculate how houses will interact with the surrounding architectural environment, for example, whether a building will cast a shadow on nearby buildings. In the present day, sustainable homes are invariably linked to making buildings as comfortable and convenient as possible worldwide. The building sector is increasing by investing 30–40% of total global essential resources [4]. Buildings and users consume energy and resources that create waste on a large scale, and we are tied to the current construction methods about resource and energy consumption, waste emissions, and environmental damage. The primary objective of sustainable design and construction is to minimize buildings' negative ecological, social, and economic impacts. Fast development in many countries across the globe has made significant incontrollable construction waste, thus creating considerable adverse effects on the environment such as increased soil, water, and air pollution, which contribute to climate change, health hazards, and ecological imbalance [5]. The concept refers to buildings planned with a sustainable development concept, including building materials. Buildings, the size of urban areas, etc., to the functional, economic, social, cultural, and ecological factors related to these. When our housing is poorly designed, it leaves a legacy with adverse social, economic, and environmental side effects for the next generation. The complex and challenging plan of sustainability requires a fundamental change in our understanding of nature, the purpose of the buildings, the architects and the builder's role, and the users of the facilities. Users' habits, behavior, and lifestyle in everyday practice are topics for discussion due to the environmental challenges facing the world. It becomes at once our own culture that is the focal point of the debate. If our own culture can change because of environmental problems, it will sooner or later influence the architectural design to reflect inhabitants' cultural and social values. One of the most critical phenomena in the housing sector to reduce the impact on the environment and climate change is the sustainable housing concept: houses that use ecological materials, use a recycling system and are supplied with clean energy.

Additionally, these housing types promote the environment and the most respected lifestyles, reducing their ecological footprint. The house is a living space, home, room, or apartment in which one or more people permanently live [6]. A house usually contains areas for cooking, hygiene, and sleep. In addition, often spaces for socializing, family life, and solemn occasions. The house not only fills the requirements, but it is also a pleasure. From the child's stacking of bricks to learning how to master the heavens and space to self-expression, construction is something that concerns us all deeply [7].

A residential building is usually defined as a house where at least half of the area is intended as a living space. Housing can be defined as an "industry of protection and comfort." In the first place, it protects humans from various aggressions against which they feel the need to defend themselves. In a history of societies that have made human settlements (unequally) safer, the essential requirement of shelter is outweighed by comfort and well-being. During the 1980s, the assumption that development and the environment were incompatible was increasingly questioned [8]. Views that a future growth based on sustainable utilization of natural resources was an option gradually emerged. Therefore, it was decided in 1983 at the UN that a World Commission on Environment and Development should be set up. Since the Rio Declaration, which is also the origin of the Environmental Summit, the term sustainable has referred to economic activities that consider the global environment [9]. Sustainable housing is a long-lived housing that is easy to live in and will be passed down to the next human generation.
