**5.3 Immediate environment conditions**

El Encanto is located in a region of high ecological diversity, in this sense, 89.3% of the houses have fruit trees planted in the surrounding areas with their property; However, only 60.7% of families are careful to maintain vegetation and control organic waste generated in the yard (see **Figures 14** and **15**).

The waste generated, liquids, solid or gaseous, product of daily domestic activities, only 55.4% of the inhabitants have some control, however, 51.8% present health risks to the health at the poor disposal of the water used in body grooming,

*Proposal of Rural Housing and Habitat Improvement of the Town El Encanto, in Tapachula… DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.98629*

**Figure 14.** *Abundant vegetation on the property.*

**Figure 15.** *Cleaning the property and burning waste.*

washing of waste and clothing, in addition, it was identified that 3.6% burns organic solid waste: branches and leaves of trees of the property.

Of the total dwellings, 69.60% register having animals for consumption or trade: 57.1% have poultry and 12.5% hey have goats. That aggravates the situation of mis management of organic waste, basically the droppings of animals generated, which directly harm the health of people. Others have pets; 60.7% have dogs and 17.9% cats (see **Figures 16** and **17**).

**Figure 16.** *Liquid waste accumulated on the site.*

**Figure 17.** *Bird corral for self-consumption and sale.*

The town has no sanitary sewerage network, 85.8% have makeshift sheds with toilet furniture and use water for the eviction of excreta, which is transported to and deposited in a poorly constructed septic tank that contaminates the body of underground water, 17.9% use common latrines, 1.8% defecate outdoors and, the rest, did not specify (see **Figures 18** and **19**).

The materials used in the construction of toilet sheds and latrines are very varied, 26.8% have concrete signature, 3.6% polished concrete, 10.7% use bocks, 5.4% waste material and12.5% nothing. The walls and ceilings are precarious as seen in the figures. In terms of quality of service, all do not meet minimum sanitary conditions: 92.8% have no lid or seat, odors are perceived, discharges of excreta pollute groundwater level (depth of 3 to 4 m) due to filtration, latrine shed conditions or toilets are improvised, poor quality and unsafe (see **Figure 18**).

For body grooming, most have improvised and fragile sheds, as shown in **Figures 16** and **19**. The waste water, deposited in the yard, accumulates and that causes an unhealthy environment with bad odor, attracts the harmful fauna that puts at risk the health of the inhabitants.

Water is obtained by the inhabitants, to meet basic needs, through artesian wells, some have square protection, but the generality is circular (see **Figure 20**). The material used for protection is bricks of cooked clay settled with lime mortar or cement-sand. The water, the inhabitants store in plastic container; however, there are houses, the least, that have tanks built with bricks masonry, as shown in **Figures 21** and **22**.

**Figure 18.** *Toilet and septic tank.*

*Proposal of Rural Housing and Habitat Improvement of the Town El Encanto, in Tapachula… DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.98629*

**Figure 19.** *Bathroom area.*

**Figure 20.** *Types of artisan wells for water extraction.*

In relation to cooking food, all homes use handcrafted stoves, which consume significant amounts of firewood. The characteristics of the stoves are very diverse, as shown in **Figures 23** and **24**, observing energy inefficiency, high consumption of firewood, exposure and contact of the inhabitants to smoke emissions (CO, CO2, others), which affect the health, well-being and quality of life of people.
