**2. Sustainable housing concept and designs**

Housing is a shelter that provides primary living conditions such as safe housing, drinking water, and healthy food for humans [10]. Even in developed countries, low-income families often have no housing for economic reasons or face health and safety problems caused by poor housing quality [11]. Sustainable architecture is mainly embodied in the overall planning of ecological, economic, and social and cultural sustainability. Sustainable housing is guided by the concept of sustainable development, carries out reasonable planning and design, effectively utilizes resources in the process of construction and use, minimizes the impact on the environment, and provides residents with health and comfort. A safe space, a living carrier that enables people to be satisfied in an elegant environment [12].

The new housing design concerns the thoughtful activity of the actor who creates the artifact providing man with the place of his protection and comfort. This acceptation of the term conception, thus understood as cognitive activity, can admit another, broader one, making it possible to also understand this cognitive activity within a framework of thought specific to a given period. We will approach the design of housing by examining how it went from the self-design of its inhabitant to a complex elaboration, both in terms of the resources it calls on, the knowledge and techniques it uses, and the skills cooperation it uses. Sustainable housing has an important role to play in ensuring an adequate quality of human life [13]. The positive impact of housing can be enhanced by applying conservation principles, economic efficiency, social inclusion, and public participation, and adequacy in terms of culture. Sustainable housing development in the EU region faces many challenges, driven primarily by globalization, demographic change, climate change, and the economic crisis. The challenges are that sustainable public housing is typically different from ordinary construction. Sustainable construction can be different in heating, venting, technologies used, etc. [14]. This implies that these houses are too different regarding the necessary knowledge and handling of the operational conditions. Without using petroleum energy, which causes global warming, we will create homes that use natural clean energy such as solar heat and wind power. In addition, because it is a residence that considers the cycle of tree growth and regeneration, it also leads to the effective use of recycled materials such as dismantled old folk houses [15]. In addition to making the house last longer, sustainable housing is also characterized by consideration for building a house that can reduce waste when dismantled and reuse building materials. Sustainable housing where people can live comfortably forever. In future home building, the idea of sustainable housing will be strongly required. In sustainable housing, it is considered to create a house that is friendly to people and the earth everywhere, such as the structure, floor plan, equipment, and building materials used. By being conscious of building a house where you can live for a long time, you will not only have the advantage of not damaging the environment, but you will also be able to build a house that is kind to the residents [16]. This time let us think about sustainable housing that is kind to both people and the earth. To talk about sustainable houses, it is required to build using sustainable materials. It should also be able to generate its own energy and use its own resources. One of the main features of sustainable energy is the use of solar generators. Solar panels allow you to use solar energy. Sustainable houses are those that, being respectful of the environment, take advantage of all available resources to reduce energy consumption and, therefore, help save on household bills, something that is always appreciated [17]. These types of houses are integrated into nature and are in such a way that they make the most of their environment: light, water. Another aspect of sustainable housing is the reuse of rainwater. You can also build a generator that can store energy from the wind. But it's not very pretty. There

are several problems with sustainable rates. Perhaps the most important is the price of the material. And this price is much higher than that of traditional materials. Even so, the cost is not always high. Some architects and designers have recycled materials, so they do not cost too much. It should also be considered that sustainable housing begins to reduce supply costs. Energy efficiency is essential when building this type of house [18]. It is also important to include the use of renewable resources. Construction and materials used must be completely ecological. Water must be managed intelligently. It is important to achieve comfort in both ventilation and air conditioning in a sustainable house. Recent environmental issues have attracted worldwide attention. This has stimulated a response in many countries, which has led to a more in-depth review of energy conservation strategies for traditional fossil fuels. One way to reduce the energy consumption of buildings is to design buildings that are more economical in their use of energy for heating, cooling, ventilating, and lighting [19]. Comfortable lighting conditions can be achieved, and the highest level of sound insulation can be achieved without the use of many consumables. That is why a sustainable house must account for energy efficiency and savings in supply and construction costs over its entire service life. After obtaining the first building materials, a house can have many years of service life and maintenance until it is reused. In addition to all of this, it is essential to enjoy a sustainable home based on its architecture. At the heart of maintaining sustainable homes are the three R's of sustainability: reduce, recycle, and reuse. Resource utility and technical efficiency must be maximized. However, it's not all that beautiful. Sustainable rates have several problems. Perhaps the most important is the price of the materials. And this is because the price is much higher than that of traditional materials. The costs should not always be higher. There are some architects and designers who have managed to recycle materials so that the expenses are not too high. In addition, it must also be considered that sustainable homes start saving supply costs the principle compared with a traditional home. In the long run, this is a big saving economically and environmentally [20]. To create a competitive advantage using environment-friendly construction practices, the whole life cycle of buildings should, therefore, be the context under which these practices are carried out.
