*3.1.3 Harmful effects on housing caused by climate change*

Along with increasing atmospheric CO2 concentrations, climate-related impacts on the built environment are also becoming more severe [1]. Such impacts include heat waves, heavy precipitation events, cyclonic storms, floods, drought, and wildfires [1]. Accordingly, the necessity to adapt housing design to climate change is also increasing. Adaptation measures in the building sector include measures against rising temperatures (insulation, external shading, cross ventilation, etc.), more impact-resistant exterior, and securing emergency water and energy [19, 20].

In addition, measures to reduce climate-related risks differ across regions [1]. Thus, those engaged in sustainable design in each region should adequately predict future risks and plan effective measures.
