Preface

This preface serves to introduce the book Simulation Modeling to the general readership, providing a brief summary of the topics presented in this edited volume. The book promotes new research results in the field of simulation modeling – the process of creating and analyzing digital prototypes of physical models to predict their performances in the real world. With the development of computers and numerical approximation methods, simulation modeling has become a means of verifying various scientific and engineering theories, based on methods, such as digital prototypes for design, analysis calculations, algorithms, or finite element analysis. Simulation modeling helps scientists and designers predict circumstances, such as, under what conditions, in which ways a part could fail, and at what loads can it withstand, based on analyses on the approximate working conditions by applying the simulation software. Simulation modeling allows scientists and designers to avoid the repeated building of multiple physical prototypes to analyze new models of real study objects. Using these techniques, scientists can optimize their solutions to analyzed problems, can select materials and methods that meet practical requirements, simulate parts failure and identify a condition that causes them, can assess extreme environmental conditions, which is not so easy for practical tests on real life, can verify hand calculations, and can validate the safety and survival of physical model. Simulation modeling has also a large utilization in nontechnical domains, such as biomedicine, economics, society, and others.

The book aims to present some recent examples of scientific works and applications of simulation modeling, in a wide range of domains, which reduce human intervention in real life, using predetermining mathematic models, based on computers and algorithms. These examples are using various theories and intelligent methods with applications in biomedicine, engineering, or economics, for monitoring and diagnosis, to take optimal decisions in various applications based on practical measurement data. The book is a way to disseminate researchers' contributions in the field. This project presents applications that bring to analysis the advantages of simulation modeling by a high scientific level of theoretical and practical attainments. Researchers in different domains developed new theories and methods that enhance human understanding and improve the specialist ability to implement high-performance solutions. Studies that emphasize the implementation of theoretical methodologies in practice are presented. The authors have published work examples and case studies that resulted from their researches in the field. The readers get new solutions and answers to questions related to the emerging simulation modeling in various applications.

The book is structured in six sections, which refer to the following thematic areas: Mathematics is considered an important field in the theory of knowledge, mathematical activity consisting of discovering and proving properties of abstract issues with axioms, which is being widely used in science to model phenomena and enable the extraction of variable predictions from experimental laws. Biomedicine is a branch of medical science that applies biological and physiological principles to clinical practice, developing treatments by validating biological research, with biomedical disciplines, such as, medical biology, bioinformatics, virology,

pathology, and many others. Systems of systems is a collection of task-oriented systems that pool their resources and capabilities together to create a new and more complex system that offers more functionality and performance than simply the sum of the constituent systems. Materials science and engineering (MSE) is an interdisciplinary field that covers the discovery of new solid materials and phenomenological observations of a material's properties and performance in metallurgy and mineralogy, incorporating elements of physics and chemistry respectively. Electric power systems are networks of electrical components deployed to supply, transfer, and use electric power, an example being the electric grid that provides power to homes and industries within an extended area. And the economy, the domain for production, distribution, and consumption of goods and services analyze the behavior and interactions of economic agents and how they work.

This book contains 11 chapters, mentioned as follows in the exact order in which they appear in the edited volume. The first section contains the first three chapters: The first chapter is presenting a study on the numerical verification method of solutions for elliptic variational inequalities. The second chapter developed an algebraic hyperbolic spline quasi-interpolation scheme for solving Burgers–Fisher equations. And the third chapter presents a study of the nonlinear boundary value problem. A method often used in simulation and modeling is the finite element method. It is used in numerical solving by approximating the differential equations. Typical domains of interest are the traditional fields of structural analysis, heat transfer, fluid flows, mass transport, and electromagnetic potential. The second section contains the fourth and fifth chapter that are respectively interesting studies on agent-based modeling and analysis of cancer evolution and on using artificial intelligence to process data for diagnosis of coronavirus disease (COVID-19. Simulation modeling has become important in biomedicine as a strategy to understand and predict the trajectory and the spread of diseases, as a support for clinical decisions. Cancer is a somatic evolutionary process characterized by the accumulation of mutations, which contribute to tumor growth, clinical progression, immune escape, and drug-resistance development. Simulation modeling can be used to analyze the dynamics of tumors and to make inferences about the evolutionary history of tumor data. The new COVID-19 pandemic is a global health emergency. In this regard, recent advances in artificial intelligence may be used as tools to process-related data into knowledge through computational-based models for diagnosis and providing treatment. The third section contains the sixth chapter, a theoretical study on advanced modeling, simulation, and analysis approaches to support complex space systems, gaming, and decision support system using a systems-of-systems perspective. The fourth section contains three chapters: Chapter seven analyzes thermomechanical properties of ceramic composites using object-oriented finite element analysis. The eighth chapter is an investigating study of strain effect on cleavage fracture for reactor pressure vessel material. And the ninth chapter is presenting a simulation model for fragmentation risk assessment to a cylindrical tank explosion. The fifth section contains the tenth chapter, a simulation modeling of integrated multi-carrier energy systems in the concept of an energy hub. The sixth section contains the 11th chapter, a simulation modeling for finding the limits of economic development lending without a financial crisis.

The chapters were edited and published following a rigorous selection process, with only a small number of the proposed chapters being selected for publication.

**V**

The editors thank the authors for their excellent contributions in the field and

The editors wish to thank the entire staff of the publishing house that contributed

The publishing provided a set of editorial standards that ensured the quality of the

**Constantin Voloşencu**

Timisoara, Romania

**Cheon Seoung Ryoo**

Hannam University, Daejeon, South Korea

Politehnica University Timisoara,

Department of Mathematics,

Department of Automation and Applied Informatics,

understanding during the process of editing.

to the editorial process in any manner or capacity.

scientific level of relevance of accepted chapters.

The editors thank the authors for their excellent contributions in the field and understanding during the process of editing.

The editors wish to thank the entire staff of the publishing house that contributed to the editorial process in any manner or capacity.

The publishing provided a set of editorial standards that ensured the quality of the scientific level of relevance of accepted chapters.
