**3. Methodology of strategic plan**

The framework for a strategy report has been drawn in the previous section to overcome the multidimensional preparation problem that arises with the spread of electric vehicles. The critical sections in the structure of a strategic plan to prepare a city and its citizens determine how well perform a flawless transition to EVs (**Figure 5**).

The first section of a strategic plan is designed for the citizens unfamiliar with EV technology to motivate the citizens to have EVs. Therefore, the following topics can take place in this section:

	- Taxation policy of the government
	- Running costs of EVs

**Figure 5.** *Critical sections of a strategic plan.*

*Strategies for Electric Vehicle Infrastructure of Cities: Benefits and Challenges DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.98862*

	- Future predictions about number of EVs
	- Rate of reduction in GHG emission
	- Increase the awareness of EVs by social media

The framework of the local and federal policies on EVs and their structure can be considered with the density of the population and their geographical characteristics of the cities. In the second section, the following related subsections can be given:


Funding of necessary infrastructure is a financial problem in front of the governments. The strategy that will be followed for deploying charging stations, charging parks, organization and also providing vital electrical energy can be explained in the third section as follows:


Supporting the installation of renewable energy sources significantly contributes the zero-emission target. Therefore, necessary plans should be put forward to research the city's renewable energy sources and add them to the electrical energy distribution grid. The steps to be taken in this regard should be included in a strategic plan as follows:


Another critical topic is the declaration of external stakeholders and strategic partnerships. Many countries and cities have come together to share their experiences. In order to inform the citizens, these partners can be explained in a section as follows:


Although the rapid chargers are developed, at least 30 minutes waiting time is required to charge an average ELDV. This problem will increase proportionally to the number of EVs in a city. A limited solution is to direct EV owners to charge their vehicles at home. As stated above, it does not fit EV owners who need quick charges such as commercial vehicles, taxis and HDTs. Coordination of charging stations to minimize waiting time, different methods have been proposed in the literature. Within the framework of a city's possibilities, the goal of coordination can be put forward with a strategy as follows:

	- Keeps the load balancing of the electrical distribution network
	- Follows the SoC of EVs
	- Recommends charging/swapping using a dynamic pricing methodology
	- Gets charging demand by a developed mobile phone application

IoT-enabled smart applications for reducing the running cost of EVs have taken place from a daily life perspective of smart cities. As mobile communication devices are used widespread, smart EV and its infrastructure management systems have gained a great interest in the sense of IoT. Because of this reason, a section can be designed for the management of EV infrastructure with the following properties:


There are different approaches to model a real system to simulate. A DToEVO is a dynamically updated model of both EV and its owner. Therefore, datadriven modeling is appropriate to create and update DToEVO with the following properties:

*Strategies for Electric Vehicle Infrastructure of Cities: Benefits and Challenges DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.98862*


Finally, a section has been prepared for the activity schedule in order to realize the goals of the strategic plan in a phased manner [49].

Obviously, as the technological development on the EVs and essential infrastructure, these plans must be revised. There is no standard plan to fit all cities [56]. Every city has its own characteristics. In this sense, a collaboration between the cities increases the total benefits.
