*2.5.2.1 Endomycorrhizae*

These fungi, reaching up to the cellular surface of plant roots, enhance nutrient exchange and protect the plants from soil-borne diseases. Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) which are subgroup of endomycorrhizae are symbiotic with most trees and crops like wheat, maize, and soybean, etc. They stimulate natural processes of nutrient uptake and decomposition of organic residues while making growth hormones and antibiotics, etc. Thus, they enhance supply of nutrients while protecting plants against diseases. While AMF are in contact with the interior of root tissues, their hyphae and mycelial network outside the root zone explore far distances to mobilize phosphates and other nutrients. Due to their extraordinary abilities for mobilizing phosphorus, they are known as phosphate scavengers. In fact, they provide a comprehensive arrangement for long life of the plants with efficient acquisition of nutrient from soil, enhanced uptake of nutrients to plant tissues and improved soil structure/health.
