**5. Applications of PA for sustainable soil and crop management**

Modern agricultural practices, mainly forms of PA, are now mostly driven by efficiency, economic, and environmental considerations. PA offers solutions to select and deploy BMPs for producing crops in the agricultural field settings. The technological skills and knowledge associated within PA technologies will drive the implementation of sustainable soil and crop management practices. Some of the key aspects of PA that align with the sustainability of soil and crop management include soil sampling, geostatistics and GIS, farming by soil, site-specific farming, management zones, GPS, yield mapping, variable rate-nutrients, rateherbicides, rate-irrigation, remote sensing, automatic tractor navigation and robotics, proximal sensing of soils and crops, and profitability and adoption of precision farming [45, 69–72]. A brief description of PA, including technologies for site-specific crop management, is shown in **Figure 3**.

Further, the key technologies and approaches for PA applications have been briefly described next.
