Meet the editors

Ricardo Ferraz obtained his BSc in Sports and Physical Education from the Faculty of Sports of the University of Porto (Portugal) in 2006 and his Ph.D. in Sport Sciences from the University of Beira Interior, Portugal, in 2016. He is a professor at the University of Beira Interior, teaching graduate, master's, and doctoral students, and a member of the Research Centre for Sports Sciences, Health Sciences and Human Development

(CIDESD). His main research interests are sports physiology, psychophysiology, training control, physical education and performance evaluation in team sports. His more than 50 published works include books, book chapters, and papers in peer-reviewed journals and conference proceedings.

Henrique Neiva obtained his Ph.D. in Sport Sciences at the University of Beira Interior in 2015, supported by a grant from the Science and Technology Foundation. His thesis, entitled "The effect of warm-up on swimming performance: the impact of volume, intensity and post-warm-up recovery in elite swimmers", was awarded the grade "Excellent". He has more than 50 scientific publications to his name and has peer-reviewed several

papers in high-ranked journals. A former international swimmer and Level 3 coach, his original academic interest was in training and competition, specifically in swimming. His interest in exercise and health, and specifically in technological development, has emerged in the last two years, mainly because of recent post-doctoral research associated with the NanoSTIMA project in UTAD/CIDESD. He has been a member of the Research Centre for Sports Sciences, Health Sciences and Human Development since 2015.

José Eduardo de Araújo Teixeira graduated in Cardiopneumology from the Castelo Branco Polytechnic Institute in 2013 and in Sports from the Polytechnic Institute of Bragança in 2017. He has a Ph.D. in Sports Sciences from the University of Trás-os-Montes and a Master's in Exercise and Health from the Polytechnic Institute of Bragança, both awarded in 2022. He has published a number of studies on aspects of performance

analysis such as exercise physiology, monitoring training load, and tactical analysis. José Eduardo's fields of interest extend to medical and health sciences, focusing on cardiovascular, respiratory and metabolic systems. He is a research fellow at the Centre for Physical Condition Evaluation and Exercise Prescription (CAPE) at the Polytechnic Institute of Bragança, Portugal.

Pedro Miguel Gomes Forte obtained a degree in Sports in 2012 and a Master's in Exercise and Health in 2014, both from the Polytechnic Institute of Bragança. He completed his Ph.D. in Sports Sciences at the University of Beira Interior in 2018. He is Coordinator Professor at the Instituto Superior de Ciências Educativas do Douro and a Guest Professor at the Instituto Politécnico de Bragança. He is also a basketball and football coach. The

Contents

**Section 1**

**Preface XI**

Exercise, Brain and Cognitive Functioning **1**

**Chapter 1 3**

**Chapter 2 23**

**Chapter 3 37**

**Chapter 4 51**

**Chapter 5 67**

Energy and Human Performance **81**

**Chapter 6 83**

The Performance during the Exercise: Legitimizing

*by Ricardo Ferraz, Pedro Forte, Luís Branquinho, José E. Teixeira, Henrique Neiva, Daniel A. Marinho and Mário C. Marques*

*by Júlio Costa, Pedro Figueiredo, Fábio Y. Nakamura and João Brito*

Potential of Physical Activity-Based Intervention on Sleep in Children

Exercise Mimetics: An Emerging and Controversial Topic in Sport

Methodological Procedures for Non-Linear Analyses of Physiological

*by José E. Teixeira, Pedro Forte, Ricardo Ferraz, Luís Branquinho, António J. Silva,Tiago M. Barbosa and António M. Monteiro*

the Psychophysiological Approach

The Importance of Sleep in Athletes

*by Erich Hohenauer*

*by Thai Duy Nguyen*

and Exercise Physiology

**Section 2**

Physiological Adaptions to Acute Hypoxia

with and without Autism Spectrum Disorder

*by Mohamed Magdy Aly Hassan ElMeligie*

and Behavioural Data in Football

focus of his sports science research is biomechanics, and his particular interests are prevalence, posture, youth, asymmetries, risk factors, football, training, analysis, performance, CFD, aerodynamics, drag, hydrodynamics, and kinematics.

Luís Branquinho's Ph.D. in Sports Science from the University of Beira Interior was awarded the top grade, "Approved with Distinction". He is currently both a professor researching at the Higher Institute of Educational Sciences of the Douro and a football coach licensed and recognised by UEFA. He has published several scientific articles and books in the field of sports science and his area of expertise is football training.

Since 2008 Daniel Almeida Marinho has been an associate professor at UBI, where he has been the Director of the Ph.D. Sport Sciences course since 2013. He obtained a degree in Sport and Physical Education at UP in 2004, a Ph.D. in Sport Sciences at UTAD in 2009, and Habilitation in Sport Sciences at UBI in 2013. He has supervised 20 graduate theses, 20 MD theses, and ten Ph.D. theses, and has published over 150 academic titles,

including ten books and book chapters, 60 articles in SCI journals, 70 articles in peer-reviewed indexed international journals, and ten articles in peer-reviewed indexed national journals. He has participated in the organisation of 15 national and international scientific meetings and has been a member of several Ph.D. and MD juries. Since 2013 he has been working with the Portuguese Swimming Federation, where he is responsible for coaching courses and coordinates the Evaluation and Control Training Centre.

## Contents



Preface

Exercise physiology is one of the most researched sports sciences, with extensive practical applications ranging from sports performance to health and well-being. *Exercise Physiology* brings together emerging research in this area, as well as exploring future perspectives. The book is divided into three fundamental sections: (i) Exercise, Brain and Cognitive Functioning; (ii) Energy and Human Performance;

The first section, "Exercise, Brain and Cognitive Functioning" links exercise physi-

Psychophysiological Approach" looks at the existing evidence and new perspectives on the role of the brain as a central regulator of performance, questioning the complex interdependencies and interrelations between fatigue and physical exercise from a psychophysiological perspective, and bringing together concepts such as pacing behavior, decision-making, self-regulation of effort, prior knowledge of the duration of the task, and perception of effort. Sleep is extremely important for numerous biological functions, and sleep deprivation can have significant effects on

The chapter "The Importance of Sleep in Athletes" explores sleep as an essential component in athletes' recovery from fatigue, mainly due to its restorative physiological and psychological effects. Monitoring athletes' sleep patterns can optimize recovery strategies, health, performance, fitness, and fatigue status. The authors discuss the following training- and competition-related factors: 1) sleep patterns and disorders; (2) sleep and optimal functioning; (3) screening, tracking, and

The chapter "Physiological Adaptions to Acute Hypoxia" describes the main types of hypoxia in the oxygen cascade, as well as the physiological consequences of acute hypoxia for training and health. Tissue hypoxia can be caused by any obstacle in the oxygen cascade, and by hypoxaemia, anaemia, stagnation, and histotoxic hypoxia.

"Potential of Physical Activity-Based Intervention on Sleep in Children with and without Autism Spectrum Disorder" also addresses the topic of sleep quality, but from a more clinical perspective, reporting on sleep disorders in children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Physical activity is described in the literature as an optimal non-pharmacological approach for improving sleep. The research presented in this chapter studied 75 children, 57 of whom had ASD, with 18 who had typical development as a control. The subjects wore an accelerometer monitor (Sense Wear® Pro Armband 3, Body media) for six consecutive days and nights to assess their sleep and physical activity. Moderate to vigorous physical activity has been shown to be effective in improving sleep in children both with and without ASD. The chapter concludes with recommendations for improving sleep quality and reducing sedentary behavior in both children with ASD and children in general. Physical inactivity and stress at work have been linked to the sedentary lifestyles

assessment of sleep; and (4) sleep interventions (i.e., sleep hygiene).

The chapter "The Performance during the Exercise: Legitimizing the

athletic performance in the short, medium, and long term.

and (iii) Physical Exercise and Immune Response.

ology to the brain and cognitive functioning.
