**6.4 Kinetic instabilities**

Generally, the velocity distributions are assumed to be Maxwell-Boltzmann in fluid theory. If there is a case, where distributions are not Maxwell-Boltzmann, then there may be a departure from thermodynamic equilibrium and this anisotropy of the velocity distribution drive the kinetic instabilities.

### **6.5 Streaming instabilities**

These kind of instabilities occur, when the plasma particles streams with their relative drift, which may be driven due to the travel of charge particle beam or

internal driven current. For example, the two stream instability is due to the relative drift of ion and electron streams.
