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## Meet the editor

Mário Franco is an Associate Professor of Entrepreneurship and SME Administration at the Department of Management and Economics, Beira Interior University, Portugal. He received his Ph.D. in Management from Beira Interior University in 2002. In 1997, he was a doctoral candidate and participated in the European Doctoral Programme in Entrepreneurship and Small Business Management in Spain and Sweden. He is the director

of the 2nd Cycle (Master) of Management. His research focuses on strategic alliances, business networks, innovation, and business creation. He is a member of a research unit at the Center for Advanced Studies in Management and Economics of the University of Beira Interior (CEFAGE-UBI) and is currently involved in several research projects on SMEs. He has authored several articles published in journals such as Long Range Planning, R&D Management, International Entrepreneurship and Management Journal, and Management Decision, and some books and book chapters published by international publishers.

Contents

**Section 1**

*by Elif Bilginoğlu*

the Theory X Style

*and Maureen Metcalf*

Enterprises (SMEs)

**Section 2**

**Preface XI**

Leadership Guided by Theoretical Perspectives **1**

**Chapter 1 3**

**Chapter 2 27**

**Chapter 3 39**

Leadership and Innovation and SMEs **55**

**Chapter 4 57**

**Chapter 5 85**

**Chapter 6 101**

A Contemporary Approach to Learning Transfer from the Perspective of Constructivist Theory: Marathon Running as a Leadership Development Strategy for Millennial Leaders

Turning Bad Leaders into Good Leaders: Diminishing

Humane Leadership in Islamic Approaches

*by Iffah Budiningsih and Tjiptogoro Dinarjo Soehari*

Optimizing Innovative Leadership and Followership *by Neil E. Grunberg, Erin S. Barry, Michael Morrow-Fox* 

*by Ahmad Rafiki, Miftahuddin and Atika Rizki*

Spirituality Leadership Applications in Small and Medium

*by Mohd Faridh Hafez Mhd Omar*

*by Lindall Elaine Adams, Marion Williams and Ibrahim Al Zaabi*

Strengthening Innovative Leadership in the Turbulent Environment

### Contents



Preface

Organizations are part of increasingly volatile societies marked by rapid digital and technological transformations. The technological life cycle tends to be shorter now than it has been in the past and this is impacting organizational performance. In the face of this rapid evolution, the obsolescence of business technology is a short-term

In this context, leadership is viewed as an important issue because the continuity of organizations and their success depends on their leaders and the behaviours they demonstrate. How a leader behaves or how they access and "use" the various leadership styles can impact all stakeholders. Leadership responsibility can enable organizations to achieve a successful future. Thus, leadership plays an important role in how workers interpret and carry out their activities. Leadership and its influence on organizations are key concepts in how organizations/companies work and how they are insighted. Leadership is a process that influences the behaviour of

In this sense, understanding leadership is extremely important for an organization as well as the environment around it, since organizations are inserted in a social, economic, and environmental context where actions have effects and impacts. In addition, leadership should align with the goals and objectives of organizations to facilitate the achievement of those same goals and objectives. The leadership style that a leader presents can have a considerable impact on organizations because the market in which they are located is volatile and there are too many factors that condition their survival. Leadership, when linked with the organization's strategy, can influence the organization's entire process, as it establishes a path towards better

However, leadership has become a complex, difficult, and multi-faceted issue for organizations because it entails challenges and issues, for example, determining what is the best type of leader. Therefore, research in the area of leadership has been obscured rather than discussed. Despite the significant body of literature on the subject, leadership remains quite misunderstood in the organizational world.

Leadership has given rise to several studies and involves a wide spectrum of relevant frameworks to explain the components of leaders' behaviour; however, there is still a vast field for research in search of more conceptual transparency, intrinsic characteristics, and the impact it has on everything that surrounds it. Therefore, the importance of leadership has been widely recognized in the literature, evidenced by the notable increase in relevant publications in the past few years. As such, this book is devoted to

the study of different perspectives, contexts, and new insights into leadership.

for Millennial Leaders" by Elif Bilginoğlu, presents a literature review of the

Chapter 1, "A Contemporary Approach to Learning Transfer from the Perspective of Constructivist Theory: Marathon Running as a Leadership Development Strategy

leaders to perform proposed tasks and achieve defined objectives.

involvement and performance of the parties involved.

The book includes four sections and eleven chapters.

reality if organizations are not in tune with reality.
