**1. Introduction**

Covid-19 pandemic made a paradigm shift in the education scenario across the globe. In an attempt to contain the infection classes were conducted online. Traditional classes and online classes are completely different from the teacher and student perspective but there was no other alternatives. Commonly used applications for conducting online classes are ZOOM, Google Classroom, Moodle, and Blackboard were instrumental in shifting onsite to online classes as well as e-learning [1]. The COVID -19 pandemic affected the traditional system of education, e-learning was brought in, where the learning is carried out online which can be accessed in any corner of the globe without going to the classroom [2]. However implementing e-learning is a challenge for the learners and educators [3], attempts have been made to embed e-learning through the use of appliances and internet connectivity for seamless conduction of learning process. Delivering lectures online can be considered as effective as far as the outcome domain is limited to knowledge but for other domains like cognitive, psychomotor, interpersonal and communication, it is questionable. In the traditional classes the learner has an opportunity to interact with the teacher along with his peers either one to one or in groups. The learner gets an opportunity to learn from his peers. At present education equips the learner with skills and knowledge, to make him employable in the job market. Supervision and observation of the student's activities directly by the teacher plays an important role in enhancing student's ability. Motivation of student is imperative either as a beginner or expert. Learning along with peers, observing their performance and encouragement from the teacher is instrumental in overall achievement of the learning outcomes. This chapter is aimed to give an insight of the possible learning gaps and the contributing factors likely to be encountered in online teaching, effect of online teaching on the intended learning outcomes of learners and ways to address such gaps.
