**4. Effects of inadequate funding on tertiary institutions**

Over the past 30 years, Nigerian higher education enrollment has increased and there has been a significant increase in enrollment opportunities through the establishment of more educational institutions. However, unfortunately, many indicators that can guarantee the quality of higher education are not taken into account when seeking to achieve the country's quantitative goals [17].

It has been observed that political factors, especially in the university system, are the main motivation behind many expansion policies [18]. Capital projects that met the actual expansion plan did not take off even if they were successful. Due to a lack of funds, I had to give up. According to Ogunode Niyi Jacob and Adah Samuel [19], due to the limited resources available, there is pressure to convene meetings, which leads to downward pressure on employee wages and deteriorating working conditions. Its effects include high-level "brain drain" among faculty and staff, relentless strikes, and resistance to student riots. All of these are aimed at affecting the quality of higher education in Nigeria. Ezeanolue et al. [20] assumes from a unique perspective that the secondary impact of reduced participation by higher education

institutions (Nigerian universities) can be explained by a variety of mechanisms, including:

