**3. Analyzing workplace innovation in EU rail sector**

#### **3.1 Data and sample**

The entities selected for this study belong to the European railway sector. The data used was collected randomly by an online survey drawn out based on the results of the benchmark and European WI concept and indicators [15]. The survey was divided into three sections: individual level, organizational level and process level. Furthermore, the effects of these three sections on the company's WI is also considered, in a results level.

The typology of questions used has been varied, using open answers, multiplesection, one-choice questions and Likert scale to measure the degree/disagree level.

Data was collected over 54-day period (between 02/12/2019 and 24/01/2020) and the final sample included 203 respondents from 16 European countries. This variety of countries enriches the sample of respondents shown in **Figure 1**.

Regarding the quantitative analysis, considering that European Rail Industry employs nearly 400,000 people [1] the study has a confidence level of 95% and a margin of error of 7%.

**Figure 1.** *Sample description (countries).*
