**1. Introduction**

Soilborne fungal pathogens are ubiquitous, and they can be found in soil, water, and air; when in contact with crops, they can trigger root rots, wilts, stunting, and other plant diseases [1]. The *Fusarium* species are classified among the most diverse soilborne pathogens [2]. Several research have pointed out that fungus from the genus Fusarium can grow on both live and dead plants and any other organic materials, including animal debris [3]. Furthermore, there is evidence that *Fusarium* conidia are waterborne and can transform into airborne when dehydrated or dried; their chlamydospores are predominantly soilborne [4]. The genetic structure of Fusarium and its sexual stages have allowed its ascospore to survive in extreme conditions like high temperature and high altitudes. Various *Fusarium* spp. have been isolated from humans and animals. In some instances, Fusarium species identified in the corneas of diseased eyes of humans have been linked with the loss of vision ability and more complications in immunocompromised personnel [5]. More findings have associated *Fusarium* spp. with different plant diseases such as head blight, vascular wilt in various crops, scab on cereal grains, and crown rot [5, 6].

Fusarium soilborne pathogens can resist harsh conditions and persist in soil due to the production of chlamydospores, which help them to survive without the host's support. Researches have shown that once the soil is colonized by *Fusarium oxysporum* f.sp.*cubense* (FOC), it is better to wait or use the plants that can resist *F.oxysporum*; otherwise, the susceptible varieties cannot survive [6, 7].

A biological method of soil disinfestation reported by (2012) was found efficient in controlling various soilborne pathogens, such as *F. redolens*, *F. Oxysporum f.spp. lycopersici*, *F. spinaciae*, *and radices-lycopersici*. The methods are accomplished by using labile carbon-activated microbial systems by creating anaerobic soil conditions in moist soils covered with polyethylene mulch. Furthermore, this reported method was also found effective in controlling some nematodes species such

as *Pratylenchus* and *Meloidogyne incognita* sp. [6]. Biological methods have been reported to ameliorate soil health by regulating the number of soil and plant pathogens due to their effect on agricultural residue accumulation [8].
