**1. Introduction**

*L. botrana* was first scientifically described in 1775 by Denis and Shiffermüller in Austria. This pest is endemic to the Palearctic Region, but is economically more important in southern Europe and South America [1–3]. In Europe it principally affects southern France, central and southern Spain, Portugal, Greece, Italy and the Mediterranean islands [2, 4], while in South America it affects Argentina and Chile [5]. Its broad range is partly attributable to its ability to adapt to climate changes, characteristic of lepidopterans [6] causing a lack of synchronization with its natural parasites and predators and contributing to significant short-term increases in *L. botrana*. Its nature as a polyphagous pest also contributes to its swift establishment in any geographic region it reaches. In its larval stage, it has been reported to eat grapes along with 40 other plant species belonging to 27 families. These host plants generally grow in warm and dry environments, and include *Olea europea* L*., Zizyphus vulgaris* L*., Rosmarinus officinalis* L*., Clematis vitalba* L*., Cornus* spp*.,* 

*Lonicera xylosteum* L*., Viburnum lantana* L*, Ligustrum vulgare* L*., Ribes* spp., and *Hedera helix* L, among others [7–10]. To develop an integrated *L. botrana* management strategy, we must (1) adequately identify and monitor this pest in its different development stages and its natural enemies. (2) determine the economic damage thresholds at which to begin controlling. (3) Take management decisions according to information from monitoring. (4) Do natural, cultural and biological follow-ups along with the use of selective chemical insecticides, where necessary.
