**2. Materials and methods gene pool diversity investigation**

The studies were carried out in the Laboratory of Generative and Clonal Selection All-Russian Research Institute of Viticulture and Winemaking "Magarach" on the experimental fields of the Ampelographic Collection Magarach at village of Vilino, Bakhchisarai district, Crimea (44°51′14.8"N 33°38′58.1″E). The area is characterized moderately warm, semi-humid climate: an average annual air temperature of 12,1°C, the sum of active temperatures (above 10 o С) − 3650 - 3680 o С, the number of days with a temperature above 10o С − 197-209, the annual amount of precipitation −380-450 mm. Each cultivar was represented by 10 bushes. Planting scheme of grape plants was 3.0 х 1.5m. Forming −2branch cordon. Grape plants were grafted to the rootstock Kober 5BB. The age of the vineyards is more than 30 years. Agricultural technology system of the ampelographic collection was in accordance with the technological map adopted for each cultivar in the area. The study included native grape varieties of Crimea, related to the direction of use in three groups: wine, table-wine and table.

Assessment of agrobiological and phonological traits was conducted according to the method of Lazarevsky [13] and to the standard OIV method [14]. In short, for each genotype the following trait were recorded: number of latent buds, number of developed shoots, number of fertile shoots, number of inflorescence, number of bunches, average bunch weight (g) and yield per plant (kg). Phytopathological field evaluation was conducted by the examination of untreated plants against a natural infection pressure. In each season, two counts were carried out: the first - after flowering of grapes, the second - at the beginning of grape ripening. The nature and percentage of damage of leaves were scored according to the recommended method [14]. Precisely, on each counting bush up to 30 leaves were evaluated from both sides for signs of infestations. The percentage of affected leaves and the degree of disease development on the leaf were determined using a scale:


*Biological Characteristics of Native Grape Cultivars of Crimean Region and Availability… DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.98975*


The study used a laboratory method for testing of frost resistance based on the methodology Chernomorets [15] with some modernization [16].

The data was mathematically processed with the help of statistical software package SPSS Statistics 10.0.
