**4. Wild grape species and the elaborated wine in China**

China has very abundant *Vitis germplasms* in diverse species, which are distributed extensively within the country. Some Chinese wild grape species, *Vitis davidii*, *Vitis quinquangularis*, and *Vitis amurensis*, which have a long history of use in China, were widely planted to support the domestic grape and wine industry as these species showed strong environmental adaptability to the local climate [9]. In many parts of China, the fruit of Vitis wild species has been employed in winemaking whereby wines made from these grapes have a distinctive color, aroma, and taste, quite unlike those made from *Vitis vinifera* [10].

*Vitis amurensis* and its hybrid varieties are the most important in the Northeast due to their ability to withstand the cold winters, whereas *Vitis davidii* and *Vitis quinquangularis* are widely cultivated in the Southwest Alpine and Other regions due to their ability to withstand the high temperatures and humidity in southern China. The fruit berry characters of these Vitis wild species are similar, with low content of sugar, high content of acids, and deep color, which can result in a wine with low alcohol concentration, high acidity, and astringency. Li [9] and Lan [11] also reported that wines of native Chinese species had relatively higher blue % values and lower red % values.
