**7. Agrobiological specificity of breeding forms - analogues of Crimean native grape varieties**

The production compatible in the internal and international market is a national patrimony; in viticulture and winemaking this is the production made of unique native grape varieties. The introduction of new grape varieties, analogues of the Crimean autochthones, having a genetically determined association of qualitative and quantitative traits in combination with resistance to environmental stress factors, will increase the economic efficiency of viticulture and winemaking industry. We studied on a combination of parameters 10 promising black-berried forms obtained in crossing of native grape varieties of Crimea with complex interspecific hybrids. Analyzing the production period of the hybrid forms highlighted as elite in comparison with the control variety 'Kefesiya', the dates of onset of phenological phases should be specially indicated (**Table 13**).

On average, in 2012–2015, the study of buds pushing in the researched hybrid forms began on April, 23. The coefficient of variation of this characteristic had an insignificant (10%) range of values of the trait in statistical population. The established standard deviation of 2,3 days allowed us to determine the varietal peculiarity of an earlier bud pushing for 3 days (April, 21) in the elite forms 'Magarach №10–08–8-2' and 'Magarach №10–08–8-3' compared to their initial form 'Kefesiya', studied as a control (April, 24). Blooming of the studied forms begins on average on June, 7 and coincides with the control variety. Range of the dates of blooming from June, 5 to June, 10 is determined by a coefficient of variation of 24.5%. Moreover, in 4 elite forms ('Magarach № 5-08-8-4', 'Magarach № 10-08-4-4', 'Magarach № 10-08-17-2', 'Magarach № 11-08-9-2') there is a deviation towards a later onset of blooming with an excess of the standard deviation (1.8 days) in comparison with the control. Totally the onset of blooming in the studied genotypes does not carry the character of significant difference. The beginning of the ripening period of berries in the studied forms was observed on average on August, 6. A significant difference between the genotypes was revealed at the stage of technological ripeness with the content of sugars in berries 21–22 Brix. The range of variability of onset of the technological ripeness (September, 16) in the average exceeded 33% and reached 39.4, which indicated the general dissimilarity of the whole in a trait.


**Table 13.**

*Phenology of hybrids of native grape varieties of the Crimea.*

#### *Biological Characteristics of Native Grape Cultivars of Crimean Region and Availability… DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.98975*

The established biological variability of this trait, according to the existing gradation of the OIV scale, made it possible to distribute the studied genotypes by terms of ripening. Forms 'Мagarach No.5–08–8-4', 'Мagarach No.10–08–8-2', 'Мagarach No.10–08–8-3', 'Мagarach No.10–08–4-4', 'Мagarach No.4–08–3-3', 'Мagarach No.9–08–6-4' refer to varieties of average term of ripeness - 4 points – September, 01–15, and forms 'Мagarach No.10–08–17-2', 'Мagarach No.11–08–9-2', 'Мagarach No.10–08–14–3', 'Мagarach No.10–08–11-4' and control variety 'Kefesiya' – to varieties of average-late term of ripeness - 5 points – September, 16–30. To determine the biological productivity of the studied promising forms, it is necessary to consider their bearing potential (**Table 14**).

Among the studied genotypes the least development of shoots was observed in forms 'Magarach No. 10-08-8-2', 'Magarach No. 9-08-6-4', 'Magarach No. 10-08- 11-3'. In other forms this trait did not have significant differences compared to the control and was in the range 62.5–86.4%.

Fruit-bearing coefficient is one of the main parameters determining the potential productivity of genotypes. Among the forms under study, a very low fruit-bearing coefficient was noted in the genotypes 'Magarach No.10–08–8-2', 'Magarach No.9–08–6-4' and 'Magarach No.4–08–4-3'. Elite form 'Magarach No.10–08–17-2' had fruit-bearing coefficient (1.1) much higher than the control (0.66). Productiveness of the shoot in the wet raw bunch weight (g/shoot) should be considered as a resulting parameter of crop efficiency of variety. The inheritance of the forms under study with distinct direction of the trait value downwards was observed taking into account the varietal peculiarity of Crimean native wine grape cultivars and initial low productivity. Four studied forms were characterized by shoot productivity at the level of the control variety 'Kefesiya'.

The adjusted varietal specificity of the potential productivity of ten promising forms allowed to select four hybrid forms to the elite – 'Magarach No.5–08–8-4', 'Magarach No.10–08–4-4', 'Magarach No.10–08–8-3', 'Magarach No.10–08–14–3'.

Qualitative characteristics of promising forms were studied together with the determination of the productive period and fruit-bearing potential (**Table 15**). On average, among the studied forms the juice output was 58.2%. According to


#### **Table 14.**

*Crop productivity of hybrids of native grape varieties of the Crimea.*


#### **Table 15.**

*Mechanical composition of the bunch of elite form.*

the gradation of the OIV scale, the studied genotypes 'Magarach No.5–08–8-4', 'Magarach No. 10-08-14-3' belong to the group of varieties with the low output of juice, and the elite forms 'Magarach No. 10-08-4-4', 'Magarach No. 10-08-8-3' and the control variety 'Kefesiya' - to the group of varieties with an average juice output. Form 'Magarach No. 10–08–8-3' in terms of the average weight of the bunch was quite different from initial form 'Kefesiya'. Such a variety was explained by the different type of flower: female in the variety 'Kefesiya' and androgenous in the studied elite form 'Magarach No. 10-08-8-3'. The output yield was recalculated per 1 ha depending on the average yield per bush in elite forms. Records determining the cropping potential of the studied genotypes were obtained. Form 'Magarach No. 10–08–14–3' was characterized by a very low productivity (21.9 center/ha), form 'Magarach No. 5-08-8-4' (45.2 center /ha) did not significantly differ from the control (48.0 center /ha). There was no difference between productivity of elite forms 'Magarach No.10–08–4-4' (53.2 center /ha) and 'Magarach No.10–08–8-3' (55.7 center /ha), but essential increase in crop yield of these genotypes compared to the control variety 'Kefesiya' was revealed.

We have obtained data that determine the potential juice yield per hectare. It allowed us to recommend the elite form for production tests. The highest value of the parameter of juice output per hectare (336.4) among the studied genotypes was noted in form 'Magarach No. 10-08-8-3' ('Kefesiya' x 'Ifigenia') (**Table 16**).

As a general matter, the obtained data of the productive period, potential crop efficiency, mechanical composition and yielding capacity of the studied gene


#### **Table 16.** *Crop productivity of elite forms.*

*Biological Characteristics of Native Grape Cultivars of Crimean Region and Availability… DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.98975*

pool, was united to choose and highlight two elite forms 'Magarach No. 10-08-4-4' ('Misgiuli Kara' x 'Ifigenia') and 'Magarach No. 10-08-8-3' ('Kefesiya' x 'Ifigenia').
