**5. Conclusions**

Even if several (R&D) projects have been developed in recent years, replacing or giving alternatives to the use of Cu in viticulture, this problem is still currently unsolved, being one of the most relevant challenge for the wine sustainable production. Before providing or modifying some new standards or rules, results from these projects should be considered to not compromise sustainability targets in viticulture, assess the present risks of using Cu in viticulture and to better support establishing limits for its applications.
