*4.6.10 Long-headed flour beetle (*Latheticus oryzae *Waterhouse, 1880 Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae)*

*Distribution*: This pest was first reported from India in Kolkata in 1880. Later it was reported from many other countries.

*Host range*: This mainly attacks broken grains, wheat, rice, corn, flour, barley, and many other granaries, grocery stores, and mills.

*Bionomics*: The long-headed flour beetle is cosmopolitan, pale yellow, slender, flattened beetle, with slightly bulged antennae, and the presence of canthus behind each eye. It has been reported from wheat, rice, corn, flour, barley, and many other granaries, grocery stores, and mills. It is mainly associated with *T. castaneum*, and its behavior and life cycle are very similar to flour beetle. Eggs are mostly smooth and translucent in color. Grubs are generally white in color with dark eyes. Larval body is covered by pale-colored hairs. The life cycle of the pest is completed in 25–39 days.

**Figure 9.** *Dorsal view of adult of* Tribolium castaneum.

*Damage symptoms*: Milled products are fed by both grubs and adults as well. Occurs as secondary infestation in stored sorghum, wheat, etc.

*4.6.11 Slender-horned flour beetle (*Gnathocerus maxillosus *(Fabricius, 1801) Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae)*

*Distribution*: The slender-horned flour beetle is cosmopolitan in nature. *Host range*: It is most commonly found in flour, meal, and a variety of grains. *Bionomics:* The slender-horned flour beetle is cosmopolitan, flat, brown, with a pair of incurved horns on its mandibles of the male partner.

*Damage symptoms*: Being secondary pests they do not directly attack the grain bur when the grain is already infested, they show their effect. These pests generally give an unpleasant odor and also due to their presence mold growth is encouraged.
