*2.3.4.1 Genetic principle of progeny testing*

Each progeny of an individual inherits half of the genes. Hence, the breeding value of the parent is twice the mean deviation of the progenies from population mean.

Points to be considered in Progeny testing:


Constraints in Progeny testing:


Breeding value of Progeny testing

$$\text{PBV} = \overline{\text{P}\_{\text{c}}} + \frac{2\text{nh}^2}{4 + (\text{n} - \text{1})\text{h}^2} \left(\overline{\text{P}\_{\text{i}}} - \overline{\text{P}\_{\text{c}}}\right).$$

Accuracy of Progeny testing

$$\mathbf{r}\_{\mathbf{G}\overline{\mathbf{P}}=\mathbf{r}\_{\mathbf{A}\overline{\mathbf{P}}}=\mathbf{0}.5} \sqrt{\frac{\mathbf{n}\mathbf{h}^2}{\mathbf{1}+(\mathbf{n}-\mathbf{1})\mathbf{t}}}$$


#### **Table 3.**

*Choice of records for the optimum breeding program [4, 9].*

Where, r is Coefficient of relationship between sire and his progeny, n is Number of progenies, Pi is Mean performance of progenies of ith sire, Pc is Mean performance of contemporaries of progenies of ith sire, h<sup>2</sup> is Heritability of the trait

The choice of records for the optimum breeding program for low and high heritable traits has been summarized in [5, 14, 21] (**Table 3**).

**Table 3** [4, 9] summarizes the appropriate criteria for selection male and female for optimum breeding program under different restrictions of records for low and high heritable traits.

Advantages of Progeny testing:


Limitations/disadvantages of progeny testing:

