*2.3.1.1 Selection for qualitative traits*

The animals are kept or rejected for breeding purposes based on their phenotype for a particular trait. The progress made in selection depends on how closely genotype is correlated with the phenotype. The phenotype of the individuals is often used to estimate the breeding value for qualitative traits such as color and horned or polled conditions. Selection for such traits based on mass or phenotype is more

**Figure 2.** *Different basis of selection [5, 6].*

effective than others. For example, in Angus cattle, the coat color Red (rr) is recessive to dominant black (BB) color. But it is practically difficult to distinguish and differentiate the genotype BB and Bb phenotypically. Thus, selection based on individuality will be useful but not always completely accurate [4, 13].
