**5. Rain-fed Rice production constraints in Kenya**

A wide range of constraints affect rice production in Kenya mostly a biotic, biotic, socio-economic and management [18]. Abiotic constraints include drought and erratic rainfall. Biotic constraints comprise of pests, diseases and weeds while socio-economic includes land ownership, unfavorable trans-border trade, high cost of machineries and inputs, poor infrastructure, unskilled farmers, slow technological advance transfer, poor access to credit and uncoordinated marketing.
