**7. Conclusions**

Different types of grasslands in conjunction with rangelands occupy over 70% of the agricultural area of which 68% lies in the developing countries whereby their rapid conversion to croplands remains unabated. The deterioration of grasslands may compromise the provision of ecosystem services such as food and feed availability, wildlife habitat disruption, decline in species biodiversity, increase in the number of endangered species, and enhancement of greenhouse gaseous emission owing to lesser C-sequestration. Thus, scientific development of grasslands through optimized management practices that integrate agronomic approaches (appropriate fertilization and balanced over-seeding) with planned utilization (through stocking rate and herbage allowance adjustment) and real-time monitoring using the latest techniques (GPS and IR spectroscopy) hold the potential to offer compatible benefits leading to improved productivity and halting grasslands conversion to croplands. The optimized implementation of integrated management approaches can turn grasslands into green ecological economies offering numerous advantages such as improved livelihood through enhanced milk, meat, wool, and honey production, climate mitigation, control of floods and droughts, watershed management, and wildlife conservation.

*Introductory Chapter: Grasslands Development - Green Ecological Economy and Ecosystem… DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.105345*
