**Abstract**

Globally, over-reliance on major food crops (wheat, rice and maize) has led to food basket's shrinking, while climate change, environmental pollution and deteriorating soil fertility demand the cultivation of less exhaustive but nutritious grasses. Unlike neglected grasses (grass species restricted to their centres of origin and only grown at the subsistence level), many underutilized grasses (grass species whose yield or usability potential remains unrealized) are resistant and resilient to abiotic stresses and have multiple uses including food (*Coix lacryma-jobi*), feed (*Eragrostis amabilis* and *Cynodon dactylon*), esthetic value (*Miscanthus sinensis* and *Imperata cylindrica*), renewable energy production (*Spartina pectinata* and *Andropogon gerardii Vitman*) and contribution to ecosystem services (*Saccharum spontaneum*). Lack of agricultural market globalization, urbanization and prevalence of large commercial enterprises that favor major grasses trade, improved communication means that promoted specialization in favor of established crops, scant planting material of underutilized grasses and fewer research on their production technology and products development are the prime challenges posed to underutilized grasses promotion. Integration of agronomic research with novel plant protection measures and plant breeding and molecular genetics approaches for developing biotic and abiotic stresses tolerant cultivars along with the development of commercially attractive food products hold the future key for promoting underutilized grasses for supplanting food security and sustainably multiplying economic outcomes.

**Keywords:** agronomy and food sciences, plant protection and breeding, new crops, entomology, plant pathology
