*4.4.2 Bangladesh*

In 2004 a study conducted in Bangladesh, observed a high frequency of almost 43.2% of ESBL producing *E. coli* in an urban hospital in Dhaka [112]. In addition, the prevalence rate of *CTX-M* among ESBL was high (76%). In another study conducted on ESBL, 11% positive ESBL cases were reported, and all these belonged to *CTX-M-1* group [112]. Similarly, *NDM* producing *E. coli* has been reported in diarrhea patients [113]. The environment being contaminated human feces which might be the source to affect the bird's fecal flora [114]. The *E. coli* isolates that were detected in water samples were found resistant to almost one antibiotic of the tested antibiotics, Similarly, there are other reports where *E. coli* isolates were found resistant to cefuroxime, nalidixic acid, ciprofloxacin, and tetracycline see in **Table 1** [115].
