**2. Mechanisms of resistance**

## **2.1 Mechanisms of resistance to cephalosporin drugs**

Third-generation Cephalosporin has been used as a successor of penicillin which has been resisted by many drugs due to long-term use on the pathogens. Thirdgeneration cephalosporin drugs are a much-improved version that has been useful in eradicating bacterial species such as *E. coli* [5]*.* However, with time, the bacteria tend to become resistant to the drugs due to the improvising of mechanisms to create barriers and different structures that are not recognized by the drugs for disruption of the bacterial cell. Since some drugs recognize specific polypeptide sequences where the chemical drugs cleave for destruction. Such actions involve acquired mechanisms of resistance which involve the passing down of resistant plasmids from cell to cell, another way includes the intrinsic mechanism of resistance whereby the cell creates ways of denouncing the drug susceptibility by adjusting or improving structures within the cell. They can change the polypeptide sequences also creating structures that limit the uptake of the drug from the environment, by modifying specific sites targeted by the drugs the cell automatically deprives recognition thus inducing resistance [6].
