**1. Introduction**

One of the most pressing health and environmental issues in today's world is the generation of cumbersome waste with toxic organic substances like Bisphenol A (BPA) from home and industrial sector. BPA poses threats to both aquatic and terrestrial animals [1, 2]. BPA (4,4-isopropylidenediphenol) is an industrial chemical that is produced through the condensation of acetone and phenol using acid or alkaline as catalyst [3, 4].

It is one of the highest production volume chemicals [5], which is widely used as an intermediate in the synthesis of polycarbonate plastics, epoxy resins, and flame retardants [6, 7]. BPA is a monomer of polycarbonate plastics and a constituent of epoxy and polystyrene resins, which are used in the food packing industry [6, 8]. Despite these relevant usages, it has a strong estrogenic property, thus, classified as part of endocrine disruptive compounds (EDCs) [9].

The intensification of anthropogenic activities in manufacturing industries has contributed to the direct or indirect release of a wide range of toxic compounds into the environment and BPA has the potential of causing significant threats to flora, fauna, and human [1, 10, 11]. Microbial degradation is described as a major approach and a natural mechanism, by which one-can clean-up pollutants from the environment in an eco-friendly manner [12–14].

Most of the exploited biodegradation research processes rely mostly on enzymes from different strain of plankton, fungi, or bacteria [15–18]. It has been reported that BPA bioremediation by fungi and bacteria is mediated mainly through lignindegrading enzymes, such as laccase and manganese peroxidase (MnP), which are produced extracellularly [19–21]. At present, actinobacteria are relatively less explored for biodegradation processes that utilize laccase for remediating BPA.

Laccase is a multicopper oxidase and catalyzes one-electron oxidation of phenolic compounds by reducing oxygen to water [22, 23]. Laccase typically contains 15–30% carbohydrate. It usually has an acidic isoelectric point and a molecular mass of 60–90 kDa [24–26]. Laccase is encoded by a family of genes and produced in the form of multiple isozymes [27, 28]. It has been proven that genes encoding laccase isozymes were differentially regulated [29, 30].

Laccase is an important industrial enzyme. It can be applied extensively in many fields, which include textile dye transformation, waste detoxification and demineralization, and production of biofuels [31–33]. In the case of laccase, BPA metabolism is faster in the presence of mediators such as 1-hydroxybenxotriaxzole (HBT) and 2,2-azino-bis (3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6-sulfonate) than in laccase alone. Thus, the objective of this research work was to investigate the microbial growth and laccase activity from the different actinobacterial consortium during the biodegradation process. The metabolites from the BPA biodegradation were also analyzed using gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS).
