**6. Conclusion**

True that almost half of the antibiotic drugs isolated from microbiota of different habitats are being produced by different members of the phylum Actinomycetota, but the recent shortfalls in antibiotic discovery has shifted the focus of microbiologists to more extreme habitats- both terrestrial and aquatic. NWH- one of the world's high altitude and highly diverse ecosystems is an attractive location to uncover the understudied bioactive potential of these unexplored ice caped mountain ranges. Deep sea oceans also serve as parallel sources to augment microbial drug discovery efforts. Diving deep into the ocean floor and/or collecting samples from oceanic trenches are attractive selection sites for adding the phylogeny of Actinomycetota and unlocking the unfathomed antibiotic potential. To define taxonomic identity of undiscovered novel species, efforts should be made to consider two or more conserved genes along with 16S rRNA, like β subunit of bacterial RNA polymerase (rpoB), DNA gyrase subunit B (gyrB), 70 kilodalton heat shock proteins (hsp70 or DnaK), Tryptophan synthase beta chain (trpB), ATP-dependent DNA helicase (recG). Diversifying the conserved taxonomic molecular identifiers serves as an important methodology for accurate taxonomic classification. Looking into the success in drug discovery although not as expected from these extreme habitats, vigorous efforts should be made to diversify sample selection locations and outreach further northern Arctic and southern Antarctic. Genomes of Actinomycetota most specifically Streptomyces are highly encoded with Biosynthetic Gene Clusters (BGCs) like NRPS, different types of PKS, hybrid NRPS-PKS, other metabolite clusters such as siderophores, ectoines, terpenes, melanin, RiPP like, indoles and other secondary metabolite gene clusters. Many of these clusters are still uncharacterized and display structural similarity and homology to compounds of immense bioactive pharmacological activity. Sequencing more and more Actinomycetota genomes for presence of BGCs alongside their spectroscopic compound validation will augment the new insights into next generation drug discovery efforts. Parallel efforts to isolate Actinomycetota from extreme soil and water habitats and as symbionts in insects and other animals has the capacity to uncover the new domains of antibiotic drug discovery and unlock the bioactive potential hidden in these golden micro flora drug reserves.
