**6. Conclusions**

Biosurfactants offer an attractive proposition for biotechnological application across various sectors and are considered superior to synthetic surfactants. Diverse MACA produce biosurfactants with interesting properties that have been explored in the context of biomedicine and environmental remediation. However, many MACA have not yet been investigated for biosurfactant production and various potential applications are yet to receive significant research. Rapid, reliable methods for high throughput screening for biosurfactant production are essential as are robust standard methods for biosurfactant purification and characterisation. Efforts to evaluate and expand the knowledge of structural characteristics and gene regulation of biosurfactants are warranted to improve their effectiveness and productivity. Commercial-scale production will need to employ various existing and new strategies to become economic and sustainable. Cutting-edge technologies such high-throughput omics-based tools should accelerate the development of commercial production of biosurfactants. Furthering our understanding of biosurfactants produced by MACA will facilitate their commercial exploitation thereby contributing to a sustainable bio-based economy.
