Meet the editor

Leonardo de Azevedo Calderon obtained a bachelor's degree and a doctorate in Biological Sciences from the University of Brasília (UnB), Brazil, in 2000 and 2004, respectively. He is a researcher in public health at the Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, lecturer in the Medicine Department, Federal University of Rondônia, Brazil, and head of the Center for the Study of Biomolecules Applied to Health. He has experience in the fields of biochemistry, molecu-

lar biophysics, and bioinformatics, working mainly in the prospection and development of new chemical entities with potentially useful activities in future therapies for leishmaniasis and malaria.

Contents

**Section 1**

**Section 2**

*and P. Ravikanth*

*and Leonardo de Azevedo Calderon*

Development and Immune System Cells

Visceral Leishmaniasis: Asymptomatic Facts *by Medhavi Sudarshan and Sumit Sharan*

*by Karim Abdulkadim Muftin Al Zadawi*

Treatment of Leishmaniasis

*by Mohammed Hassan Flaih*

Iraqi Cases, 2014-2015

**Preface XI**

Biology **1**

**Chapter 1 3**

**Chapter 2 23**

**Chapter 3 53**

Medicine **65**

**Chapter 4 67**

**Chapter 5 79**

**Chapter 6 99**

**Chapter 7 113**

Leishmaniasis: Molecular Aspects of Parasite Dimorphic Forms Life Cycle *by Natanael Endrew Souto Maior Torres Bonfim, Ana Lígia Barbour Scott* 

Protective and Pathogenic Immune Responses to Cutaneous Leishmaniasis *by Elina Panahi, Danielle I. Stanisic, Christopher S. Peacock and Lara J. Herrero*

*by Rogéria Cristina Zauli, Andrey Sladkevicius Vidal, Talita Vieira Dupin, Aline Correia Costa de Morais, Wagner Luiz Batista and Patricia Xander*

*by R. Sivayogana, Aishwarya Krishnakumar, S. Kumaravel, Rajesh Rajagopal* 

Geographical Distribution of Cutaneous Leishmaniasis and Pathogenesis

Geopolitical and Geospatial Conflicts Affecting Cutaneous Leishmaniasis:

Extracellular Vesicles Released by *Leishmania*: Impact on Disease
