**7. Conclusions and perspectives**

The treatment of infectious diseases depends on a better understanding of Cell Biology, mainly for parasites that are intracellular obligate eukaryotes, such as *Leishmania*. The knowledge about these parasites allows the identification of essential metabolic pathways and the mechanisms of action involved in drug inhibition, enabling the application of new treatments and conventional treatments combined with new therapies, also using Nanotechnology. Thus, the improvement of tested molecules associated with drug delivery techniques is the path to success for novel leishmaniasis treatments.
