**16. Prevention of leishmaniasis**

The first step in prevention is promotion and use of personal protective measures like use of protective clothing (wear long-sleeved shirts, long pants, and socks), usage of permethrin-treated bed nets, insect repellents containing 30–35% N, N-diethyl-3-methylbenzamide (DEET); avoid visits to endemic areas; staying indoors in the evening as during this time the sandflies are most active.

## **17. Vaccines**

Preventive [19] vaccines are the best and most cost-effective protective measure against pathogens and are saving millions of lives every year around the world. The development of the *Leishmania* vaccine has proven to be a difficult and challenging task, because of the inadequate knowledge of parasite pathogenesis and the complex immune responses needed for protection. Killed/live attenuated / plasmid DNA based vaccines with or without bacilli Calmette-Guerin seems to be useful in endemic areas. But none of the vaccines is FDA approved for safe prophylactic use in humans. A vaccine for dogs is available and approved.

*Treatment of Leishmaniasis DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.101145*
