**5. Conclusions**

In conclusion, miRNAs have a wide range of important biological functions for parasites, including leishmaniasis. Although, the role of these structures in the development of antiparasitic resistance remains unclear, this work provides suggestive information about the strong contribution of miRNAs in this process. Furthermore, natural compounds with anti-*Leishmania* activity may play an important role in the regulation of miRNAs, influencing their action on the parasite. Therefore, the identification and characterization of specific miRNAs, as well as the clarification of their interaction with natural compounds are crucial for understanding the resistance mechanism of leishmaniasis.
