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## Meet the editors

Dragoș Cătălin Jianu is a Professor of Neurology, MD, Ph.D., Dr. Habil., Ph.D. Coordinator, Head of the Centre for Cognitive Research in Neuropsychiatric Pathology, Department of Neurosciences, University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Timişoara, Romania. He has published on diverse array of topics, including vascular aphasias, vascular cognitive impairment, and neuro-ophthalmology/Color Doppler Imaging of orbital vessels (an-

terior ischemic optic neuropathies, central retinal artery occlusion, and giant cell arteritis with eye involvement). More recently, his work pertains to ischemic stroke: large cerebral arteries diseases/extra and transcranial Doppler sonography (TIPIC Syndrome, the carotid body paragangliomas, the congenital anomalies of the supra-aortic arteries), small cerebral arteries diseases (cerebral vessels endothelial dysfunction in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus, and chronic kidney disease), and cerebral venous thrombosis.

Dafin Fior Mureșanu is a Professor of Neurology, MD, Ph.D., MBA, Chairman of the Neurosciences Department, University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania, President of the European Federation of Neurorehabilitation Societies, Corresponding Member of the Romanian Academy. He has performed valuable scientific research in high interest fields such as: neurobiology of central nervous system (CNS) lesion

mechanisms; neurobiology of neuroprotection and neuroregeneration of CNS; the role of Blood-brain barrier in CNS diseases; nanoparticles neurotoxicity upon CNS; cerebral vascular diseases; neurodegenerative pathology; traumatic brain injury; neurorehabilitation of the CNS; clarifying and thoroughgoing study on the classic concepts of Neurotrophicity, Neuroprotection, Neuroplasticity and Neurogenesis by bringing up the Endogenous Defense Activity concept, as a continuous nonlinear process, that integrates the four aforementioned concepts, in a biological inseparable manner.

Contents

**Section 1**

Approaches

*by Rosana do Carmo Novaes-Pinto and Arnaldo Rodrigues de Lima*

Imaging of Vascular Aphasia

Primary Progressive Aphasia (PPA)

*and Julien Savatovsky*

**Section 2**

*Anca Elena Gogu and Georgiana Munteanu*

**Preface XI**

Diagnosis of Aphasias **1**

**Chapter 1 3**

**Chapter 2 27**

**Chapter 3 43**

**Chapter 4 55**

The Outcome and Treatment of Aphasias **79**

**Chapter 5 81**

Contributions of Linguistics to the Study of Aphasias: Focus on Discursive

A Comprehensive Overview of Broca's Aphasia after Ischemic Stroke

*by Loïc Duron, Augustin Lecler, Dragoș Cătălin Jianu, Raphaël Sadik* 

*by Dragoș Cătălin Jianu, Tihomir V. Ilic, Silviana Nina Jianu, Any Docu Axelerad, Claudiu Dumitru Bîrdac, Traian Flavius Dan,* 

*by Yashaswini Channabasave Gowda and Hema Nagaraj*

Spontaneous Recovery and Intervention in Aphasia

*by Chiaki Yamaji and Shinichiro Maeshima*

## Contents


#### **Chapter 6 95**

Treatment Approaches for Word Retrieval Deficits in Persons with Aphasia**:** Recent Advances *by Deepak Puttanna, Akshaya Swamy, Sathyapal Puri Goswami and Abhishek Budiguppe Panchakshari*

#### **Chapter 7 107**

The Importance of Aphasia Communication Groups *by Marina Charalambous and Maria Kambanaros*

Preface

Aphasia is an acquired central disorder of language that impairs a person's ability to understand and/or produce spoken language, often associated with impairment in reading (alexia) and writing (agraphia). Aphasia may supplementarily affect a person's ability to use musical notation, mathematical operations, and so on. Consequently, the aphasic person may present with difficulties generating and using symbol systems. Aphasia is different from a peripheral (sensory-motor) disorder of language that may mimic aphasia (such as weakness of the muscles of articulation). At the same time, it is an acquired phenomenon that appears after

The most common etiology of aphasia is a stroke (80% of aphasia cases are vascular aphasias), with a prevalence of 25%–30% in acute ischemic stroke. Stroke is the third most frequent cause of death and the first cause of disability across the globe. Aphasia is considered an important marker of stroke severity, associated with a high risk of mortality, poor functional prognosis, and augmented risk of vascular

This book reviews different aspects of aphasias. It is divided into two sections

Section 1 focuses on the diagnosis of aphasias and contains four chapters.

Chapter 1, "Contributions of Linguistics to the Study of Aphasias: Focus on Discursive Approaches" by Novaes-Pinto and de Lima, discusses how aphasia disturbs not only linguistic formal levels (phonetical-phonological, syntactic, lexical-semantic) but also pragmatic and discursive aspects of language that are constitutive of meaning processes involved in the social use of language. The authors show that qualitative longitudinal research (mainly case studies) is a privileged locus to seek evidence of how linguistic levels are impacted in several forms of

Chapter 2, "A Comprehensive Overview of Broca's Aphasia after Ischemic Stroke" by Jianu et al., discusses language and neurologic examination, diagnosis, and therapy of the patient with vascular Broca's aphasia, which is non-fluent aphasia comprising the widest range of symptoms (articulatory disturbances, paraphasias, agrammatism, evocation disorders, and discrete comprehension disorders of spoken and written language). It is considered the third most common form of acute vascular aphasia, after global and Wernicke's aphasia. Vascular Broca's aphasia is produced by infarcts or severe hypoperfusion of the superior division of the left middle cerebral artery. The reversal of hypoperfusion, following recanalization (spontaneous or secondary to thrombolysis or thrombectomy), is associated with

including seven chapters that cover the main aspects of aphasias.

language has already been learned.

dementia.

aphasia.
