**Abstract**

The dairy business is recognized as an important economic and nutritional resource. The food and agriculture organization (FAO) estimates that there are about 245 million dairy cows in the world. Milk production offers enormous health, sociological, and economic benefits around the world. In emerging economies, livestock serves a range of purposes, including providing a source of household income, a financial asset for women, food security, risk management, and a direct connection to human health. With a total value of \$628.27 billion USD in 2018, the dairy industry provides a major economic impact. The dairy business supports over a million employment, either directly or indirectly. In terms of public health, the dairy business plays a role. While dairy products are a beneficial part of a balanced diet, zoonotic and food-borne diseases originating in dairy animals can be dangerous to humans. Milk production performance in emerging countries is poor. Non-infectious infertility in dairy cattle is most commonly caused by energy, protein, and mineral deficiencies. According to the current review, minerals, play an essential role in animal production and reproduction issues. This chapter discusses the linkages of several mineral elements in health and reproductive performance that affects the dairy industry.

**Keywords:** minerals, health, reproductive performance, dairy cows
