**Abstract**

This chapter covers the regional breeds in Europe of cattle, and buffalo that supply milk to the processing industry. Local breeds are evidence of the evolution of different species in different directions of breeding. The book chapter will give a brief description of the origin and cognition of different regional and local dairy breeds, the presentation of morphological and productive characters, as well as the perspective of rearing or conservation. The development of breeds in different directions of production was achieved under the impact of environmental factors, agricultural policies and market requirements. In this context, the factors will be analyzed in correlation with the spread of breeds in different regions, respectively countries.

**Keywords:** local breed, morphological aspects, origin of the breed, production, regional breed
