**21. Anti-tumor activity of oncolytic viruses**

Considering they influence multiple crucial phases in the cancer–immunity process, oncolytic viruses offer several benefits as cancer treatment agents [149]. These features include preferential replication in tumor cells, stimulation of immunogenic cell death and release of soluble antigens and danger signals, induction of innate immune responses by recruitment of immature dendritic cells (DCs) and innate lymphoid cells, correction of antigen processing and presentation abnormalities, and activation of adaptive immunological responses. Although the molecular and cellular intricacies of how oncolytic viruses correct these processes are not entirely known, advances in the generation of antitumor immunity employing oncolytic viruses are being achieved, and insights into rational combination therapy based on oncolytic viruses are being explored.
