b.Mastectomy

The purpose of a mastectomy is to reduce the chance of developing breast cancer. Bilateral preventive mastectomy reduces the risk of getting breast cancer but does not fully remove it. Aromatase and tamoxifen are more effective than contra-lateral preventive mastectomy in reducing the risk of contra-lateral breast cancer. Mastectomy is the most efficient treatment for a disseminated instance of breast cancer in whom a lumpectomy was ineffective. Nonetheless, most women experience feelings of asexuality, loss of self-image, and melancholy as a result of breast loss [34].

### c.Reconstructive surgery

Females who have had a mastectomy might consider having their breasts renovated, either immediately or later. It is used to improve the appearance of the breast after tumour surgery. All ladies who have had a mastectomy should be given the choice of reconstructive surgery [35]. Mastectomy is a very straightforward surgical procedure that usually requires 1–2 days in the hospital. Breast mass deficiency alters the patient's appearance and makes it difficult to wear certain types of clothes. The use of an external prosthesis to address these issues may be uncomfortable and abrasive, especially for women with large breasts. The most serious side effect after mastectomy is the psychological impact of the physical and cosmetic changes, which may include anxiety,

sorrow, and poor effects on body image and sexual activity [36]. Females with breast cancer who are unable to get breast-conserving therapy or who have a higher genetic risk of breast cancer often seek breast reconstruction. Breast reconstruction methods now available are varied and may include the use of a prosthetic implant, an autologous tissue flap, or both. Cancer may recur in the rebuilt breast regardless of the technique used; furthermore, in autologous tissue flaps repaired breasts, minor complexity such as fat necrosis may occur. Breast reconstruction, according to studies, restores body representation, demonstrates vitality, femaleness, and sexuality, and has a positive impact on the patient's emotions of comfort and life quality [37].

2.Ovarian ablation as adjuvant therapy for breast cancer

Breast cancer patients have been treated with ovarian ablation. Radiationinduced ovarian ablation, surgical removal of the ovaries, and long-term use of luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone (LHRH) analogues are all options for ovarian ablation. Furthermore, there are a few theories that cytotoxic chemotherapy may help premenopausal women with breast cancer by causing ovarian ablation. Many of the case studies and clinical trials of ovarian excision conducted in the past had methodological flaws. A meta-analysis of randomised clinical trials found that women who had ovarian ablation as an adjuvant therapy had a significant improvement in overall survival and disease-free survival compared to those who did not. According to a study of the literature, ovarian ablation may be used as an alternate treatment for breast cancer [38].

3.Breast cancer therapy by class

Various classes of therapeutic agents are employed for breast cancer treatment:

