**4. Future perspectives**

Now it is well established that ACK1 is a promising target for tumor therapy and the clinical studies show that there is a strong correlation between the expression level of activated ACK1 and prognosis and progression of cancers. Six specific inhibitors with high affinity for ACK1 has been identified which showed potential inhibitory activity. Some inhibitors also showed good pharmacokinetics properties *in vivo*. It has been observed that light-controlled PROTACs degrade specific proteins at certain locations in the body, so novel ACK1 inhibitors could have a local impact on pathologic tissues by light control. Fortunately, immunotherapy has been considered as an alternative tool for cancer patients. The treatment included many checkpoint inhibitors as nivolumab, pembrolizumab, and atezolizumab. Many other inhibitors as dasatinib, nilotinib, bosutinib along with imatinib mesylate has also used as chemotherapeutic agent for treatment in chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) patients. Considering these problems, Allosteric inhibitors, inhibitors targeting different structural domains of ACK1, inhibitors having blocking interactions within proteins, Proteolysis targeting chimeras (PROTACs), Combination therapies and dual-target drug complexes need to be develop in future. Moreover, many ACK1 interacted proteins or substrates need to be identified which can be utilized for precision medicine in cancer patients. The implementation of bioinformatics based methodologies as structure based drug designing can definitely help in drug delivery precision medicine for cancers. Refinement of effective compound screening and profiling technologies, and natural compounds need to be explored to reduce the off-target toxicity. Allosteric and covalent inhibitors, and targeted

degraders such as PROTACs and molecular glues will be the next players of kinase drug discovery in future.
