1.Surgery

This is the most common treatment option for people with breast cancer that has not spread to other parts of the body, and it's also a viable option for those with more advanced stages of the disease. The amount of tissue removed with the cancer varies according on the cancer's features, whether it has spread, and the patient's particular emotions. The following are a handful of the most common types of surgery:

## a.Lumpectomy (breast conserving surgery)

According to the American Cancer Society [33], a lumpectomy, also known as a selective mastectomy, is a practice that requires removing the portion of the breast that contains the malignant tumour, as well as some healthy tissues and lymph nodes around it, while leaving the rest of the breast preserved as much as possible. This operation is often performed on women in the early stages of cancer, but in addition to the surgery, the patient will need additional treatments such as radiation, chemotherapy, or hormone replacement therapy. Most surgeons and patients, particularly if the woman is going to lose her breast, prefer a lumpectomy over a full breast removal at first. Tenderness, transient inflammation, sclerosis, and a change in the look of the breast are all possible side effects of a lumpectomy.
