Preface

Ocular surgery has radically changed over the past ten years with the development of both new techniques and instrumentation, with improvements in surgical machines. Such improvements have advanced new knowledge in managing several ocular diseases. Indications for surgery have expanded dramatically and inoperable conditions have become amenable to surgical treatment. The need for some type of vision correction is very common after ocular surgery. Although vision defects are easy to understand and some are simple to correct, it is not always easy to determine what the patient needs in terms of best-corrected visual acuity following complicated (e.g., retinal surgery, glaucoma surgery, corneal surgery) or not complicated eye surgical procedures.

This book focuses on the current approaches in the medical and surgical treatment of the most diffuse and important ocular diseases. It reports the latest developments in surgery (anterior segment surgery, posterior pole surgery, etc.) for various types of ocular disease, including glaucoma, corneal diseases, and vitreoretinal disease.

In Chapter 1, Vokuda et al. describe several eye diseases causing blindness that can be corrected by various types of eye surgeries. This chapter focuses on procedures that can correct visual acuity to near normal and treat eye diseases.

In Chapter 2, Tamayo et al. discuss keratoconus and the diagnostic tools and treatment options for this disease with a special focus on corneal cross-linking.

In Chapter 3, Greco et al. analyze the potential etiopathogenetic mechanisms involved in pediatric glaucoma and treatment, reviewing the literature and discussing the most appropriate therapeutic approaches.

In Chapters 4(Thanuja Gopal Pradeep and Deepthi Rameshbabu Honniganur) and 5(Arzu Taskiran Comez and Mehmet Ozbas), the authors describe the fundamentals of managing anterior segment trauma and clinical evaluation with the best medical and surgical approaches, respectively.

In Chapter 6, Beketova and Landa discuss macular pucker, how to approach internal limiting membrane peeling, preoperative clinical factors, imaging characteristics, and postoperative complications of epiretinal membrane peeling.

In Chapter 7, Longqian et al. describe the abnormality related to a defect of vision when it is still developing, which can make the eyes vulnerable to disease. Untreated refractive error and misaligned eyes can harm vision. By finding and treating problems early, healthy vision can develop.

Finally, in Chapter 8, Guccione et al. evaluate the reasons for refractive errors after successful penetrating or lamellar transplantation pre-, intra-, and post-operatively. The chapter presents techniques of refractive surgery to correct refractive errors

post corneal transplantation for different corneal pathologies, in the plastic phase as well as in the static phase. The authors describe the different surgical choices showing the validity and the results of the different refractive techniques.

> **Giuseppe Lo Giudice,** San Antonio Hospital, University of Padua, Padua, Italy

## Section 1
