**4. Basic exposure of the middle fossa for anterior infratemporal fossa approach**

A frontotemporal craniotomy is performed first, with the temporal muscle reflected posteroinferiorly to provide maximal exposure of the anterior temporal base. The pterion and the lesser and greater sphenoid wings are then drilled. The foramen spinosum (FS) and middle meningeal artery (MMA) are identified in the infratemporal fossa extradurally, and the MMA is coagulated and cut. Then, the dura propria is elevated from SOF side or V3 side. The elevation of the dura-propria is performed and exposing SOF, V2, and V3. The lateral wall of the SOF is exposed, and the lateral orbital wall is removed anteriorly exposing the periorbita.
