**2. Indications**

Any tumor arising from the globe or periocular tissues with involvement of orbital apex, full thickness periorbita or periosteum, retro-orbital fat, extraocular muscles, conjunctiva and sclera form an indication for orbital exenteration (**Table 2**). Different Tumors which result in orbital invasion are depicted in **Table 3**.

## **2.1 Malignant tumors arising from eyelids and surrounding skin**

Basal cell carcinoma is the most common malignant skin tumor accounting for 90% these cases; squamous cell carcinoma and sebaceous gland carcinoma each comprising approximately 4–6% of cases [1–6, 8–13]. The reported incidence of orbital invasion in basal cell carcinoma is 1.6–2.5% and risk factors include multiple recurrences, large size, aggressive histological subtype like infiltrative and morpheic patterns, perineural spread, canthal location particularly the medial canthus and age over 70. The incidence of orbital invasion is high in squamous cell 5.9% and much higher in sebaceous gland carcinoma 6–45% [14, 15].
