**5. Clinical presentation**

Patients with chordomas and chondrosarcomas generally show common and occasionally confusing symptoms, which sometimes delay the diagnosis process until the late stages of the illness [16]. Presentation of the tumors can essentially shift depending on the area of the tumor, expansion, and vicinity of the lesion to basic structures. Visual indications may incorporate obscured vision or loss of vision, ptosis, and visual field defects related to cranial nerve palsies that may be clarified by the area and development pattern of the tumors. It is common for chordoma to invade structures such as petroclival region, parapharyngeal space, cavernous sinus, temporal bone, cerebellopontine point, and infratemporal fossa. Headache, seizures, weakness, vomiting, etc. are the most common symptom in the case of chordoma.

Sacrococcygeal chordoma has different symptomatology based on the location. Most patients usually present with a posterior sacral mass initially and in later stages present with features of sacral pain, lower limb weakness, and/or bladder bowel disturbances.

Other signs and side effects that will show with clival lesions are hypoesthesia, hearing loss, dysphonia, vertigo, dysphagia, dysarthria, dyspnea, and anosmia. Bigger size/volume tumors may likewise compress the brainstem and cerebellum, affecting ataxia, gait disturbances, dysmetria, hemiparesis, or tetraparesis [17]. It is very tough to recognize the nature of the tumor on the basis of the only clinical demonstration. Basic similarities, differences, and treatment difficulties are shown in **Table 2**.


#### **Table 2.**

*Similarities, differences, and treatment difficulties of both chordomas and chondrosarcomas.*
