**2.3 Robotic ultrasound**

The combination of an ultrasound imaging technique with a robotic device in medical procedures is known as the Robots' ultrasound process (RUS).

Robots are often suitable for ultrasound integration because of their unquestionable capacity for high precision, dexterity, and repeatability.

Despite the fact that the field is still relatively new, it has already developed a slew of robotic systems for use in dozens of medical procedures, such as the one by Priester and collab [6].

Consider the following example: the use of robotic ultrasound in partial nephrectomy with a robot.

According to Di Cosmo and coauthors [7], using a robotic ultrasound probe during partial nephrectomy enables the surgeon to optimize tumor detection with maximum autonomy while also benefiting from the robot's precision and articulation during this crucial phase of the procedure.

Furthermore, ultrasound can help to reduce the time spent in ischemia (IT).

The benefits of nephron-sparing surgery over radical nephrectomy are identified using a pool of data that shows oncological and survival equivalence.

As robot-assisted partial nephrectomy (RAPN) techniques evolved, the use of different instruments to aid the surgeon in identifying masses and their vascular network became more sophisticated.

The authors of this study [7] investigated the current use of intraoperative ultrasound as an operative tool to enhance the localization of small renal masses during RAPN (**Figure 3**).
