**3. Conclusions**

With millions of device patients around the world, it is important to develop good guidance in terms of how to manage postoperative pain in these patients. Most postoperative pain is moderate to severe but has a predictable trajectory in which the pain is most intense immediately after surgery and diminished day over day over the course of several days. A good strategy for pain control for CIED patients is to consider managing pain perioperatively and then offer the patient postoperative counseling for pain management at home along with appropriate analgesics. For appropriate patients, a short course of opioid analgesics may be appropriate but other nonopioid agents may be considered as well. Subcutaneous ICD implantation is likely associated with more severe or longer-duration postoperative pain although there are no specific head-to-head comparative pain studies. Barring complications, device patients recover over the course of days and weeks and should need analgesia only for a short duration of time.

### **Conflict of interest**

Peter Magnusson has received speaker's fees or grants from Abbott, Alnylam, Amicus Therapeutics, AstraZeneca, Bayer, BMS, Boehringer-Ingelheim, Coala Life, Internetmedicin, Lilly, MSD, Novo Nordisk, Octopus Medical, Orion Pharma, Pfizer, Sanofi, Vifor Pharma, and Zoll.

Jo Ann LeQuang has no disclosures.

*Postoperative Pain Control Following Cardiac Implantable Electronic Device Implantation DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.101517*

Joseph Pergolizzi is a consultant/speaker, owner, or researcher for Spirify, US World Meds, Salix, Enalare, Scilex, Pfizer, Lilly, Teva, Taketa, Regeneron, Grünenthal, Neumentum, NativeCardio, BDSI, and Bridge Therapeutics.
