**6. Conclusions**

Pulmonary vein isolation is the cornerstone of rhythm-control therapy for atrial fibrillation. A few years ago, new technologies such as contact force-sensing ablation catheters were introduced and became a part of everyday practice. The routine use of CF-sensing ablation catheters improved the arrhythmia-free survival after PVI. However, the recurrence rate of atrial tachyarrhythmias remained a substantial issue. The durability of PVI depends on the accurate lesion creation and contiguity of lesions. The use of high-power, short-duration radiofrequency applications might enable the operators to create a more uniform, more contiguous lesion set; therefore, a more durable PVI can be achieved. This high rate of durable PV isolation is expected to be associated with improved clinical outcomes for atrial fibrillation ablation. Clinical studies uniformly showed that PVI with high-power, short-duration technique is safe and effective and is associated with shorter procedure and ablation times when compared with conventional low-power RF ablation. The long-term efficacy of very HPSD ablation is not available at the moment and needs to be confirmed by further trials.

#### **Acknowledgements**

Project no. NVKP\_16-1–2016-0017 ('National Heart Program') has been implemented with the support provided by the National Research, Development, and Innovation Fund of Hungary, financed under the NVKP\_16 funding scheme. The research was financed by the Thematic Excellence Programme (2020-4.1.1.- TKP2020) of the Ministry for Innovation and Technology in Hungary, within the framework of the Therapeutic Development and Bioimaging thematic programmes of the Semmelweis University.

## **Conflict of interest**

The authors declare no conflict of interest.

*Cardiac Rhythm Management - Pacing, Ablation, Devices*
