**5. Invention of a sustainable product**

Speaking about the optimization of production in the rural areas, wide implementation of pyrolysis can be the breaking through technology. Following the same logic of optimization, the pyrolysis production cannot be just the source of the local cheap fuel. A much mor sophisticated sustainable products have to be invented.

### *On the Feasibility of the Closed Cycle Local Economy Based on Pyrolysis DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.100230*

If it is energy in form of the biofuel it has to come together with the invention of the local means of transportation like the solar-biofuel powered locomotives. If it is biogas, it should be produced with the hinder thought of using biogas to produce bioplastic to use as the input for solar lens for the local heating installations. The latter can be used as the source of energy for the local production as drying of coffee beans or alike, for cooking, or for heating of the local housing. Imports should be reduced, and exports created. The import of plastics and fuels should be diminished, and the foreign currency used for something more useful. In this case a sustainable product like coffee will pay towards the balance of trade.

Not only coffee, there is a vast field for product inventions. While a new product for sales over the long distances can be invented the production waste can be reduced. The mineral residue from the pyrolysis won from the biomass can be used as mineral fertilizers [7]. Historically people were burning forests to use ashes as mineral fertilizers. Nowadays the mineral residue can be packed and sold, even in small packages as pot flower fertilizers.

It is not yet quite clear if there is a place for a much more ambitious projects than mineral fertilizers from the pyrolysis process mineral residue. Bioplastics may be created and used for solar energy cooking and heating thus reducing the use of wood for heating purposes and deforestation in general. Mineral residue can be used if produced in very big quantities for the purposes of reversing the process of desertification.

Here comes very handy another idea—the idea of the processing of the seaweed. Normally the natural circulation of water washes off the landmass very much of the useful substances, like the mineral components of the soils. Water dissolves and the sea water contains all the possible elements and substances. The next question would be of how much of this stuff can be won back from the seaweed. Seaweed normally grows on the shelf from the stuff accumulated from the landmass. The most trivial idea is that the whole palette of products can be designed around one single industrial process more complex as turning biomass into biofuel and pyrolysis gas.

Depletion of the global resources probably will be the prime driving force behind the further development of the pyrolysis-based technologies. Bioplastic based substitutes can be won from the biomass [8]. Of special interest here would be the production from the seaweed. As the world is facing the problem of the global dispersion of the valuable materials researchers are looking for the technologies to reverse the process. The natural circulation of water slowly moves everything to the world ocean. An open question is how much of this stuff is accumulated in the seaweed and can be won back from the pyrolysis residue.

Energy saved in the chemical bonds can be transferred over big distances and used again. Thus, there is at least one good argument to use local cheap energy. In the south it can be in the form of a solar power plant, in the north—the tidal or wind energy, and everywhere the energy of the solar panels can be generated and used. At least, the accumulation of the energy in the chemical bonds lifts the problem of the time inconsistency between the production of the energy and the demand for the energy. And definitely the alternative energy should not be only used for the conversion of one type of energy into another. Any industrial process needs energy and this energy can be generated cheaply and locally.

Another sustainable biochemical process that may be successfully combined with pyrolysis is biogas. The positive side of the process is that it can be a very labour non-intensive passive process. Any problem with the thermal processing of any biomass is the high content of moisture. The biogas production involves the slow consumption of biomass by bacteria that results in the production of biogas and slush. The water molecules are being freed in the process and thus can be

drained. If the resulting residue can be a good feeding material for the pyrolysis process is still to be researched.

Recycling performed in the sustainable way based on the pyrolysis or gasification still can be considered for an industry to be placed in the region suffering under underdevelopment. The idea behind is the same, the carbon-based part of the waste can be separated from the rest of the waste material. Metals can be extracted based on their magnetic qualities. The rest is the rest. The whole process make sense though only if there is an abundance of very cheap energy to start with.

Processing of biowaste can be an absolutely different story from the financial perspective. Biowaste can be concentrated at the site of its generation and be treated locally. A good example here would be an animal farm. The animal waste is already quite energy saturated what makes the production of biofuels quite lucrative. Another aspect is that the mineral component in the animal waste is very high thus making the animal waste a potential stock for the production of mineral fertilizers.

Fresh water reservoirs can become a potent source for the production of biofuels and bioplastics. Water reservoirs allow for quite fast and very intensive growth of all kind of organisms capable of photosynthesis. Also, these reservoirs accumulate the run-offs of the fields. Water organisms use these substances during the life cycle. Processing of these organisms means the further utilization of fertilizers, not to mention the production of high-level energy substances based on carbon. The high density of the biomass and the ability to float and be carried down the stream can considerably low the costs of the further processing. The project can be combined with the extensive water treatment facilities and the fish and poultry farming.

Minimization of costs of production may still involve the invention of the special technical solutions and choice of local or alternative materials. Speaking about the European perspective such solutions as cheap metals from Siberia can be implemented. Speaking about the rural environment of Africa such local solutions as the local production of bricks can be considered. In every environment where the preliminary extensive process in the form of biogas takes place the mobile inflatable systems can be transported to the site of the production located at the site of the biomass.

The pyrolysis-based technology can become the technological foundation for the emerging high-tech power cell technologies. In case the world decides to convert its technologies and rely on the renewables the pyrolysis-based technologies can be used to produce fuel for power cells. These are the newly emerging technologies and to elaborate on the topic is not yet possible.
