**5. Some industrial applications**

a.Environmental Waste International (https://www.ewi.ca/tyre.html):

This company, since 1992, located in Whitby – Ontario (Canada), designs specialized eco-friendly waste reduction solutions and systems, using patented Reverse Polymerization processes and proprietary Microwave Delivery Systems. The recycle of scrap tyres has been a huge priority for EWI since 1994, demonstrating its capabilities. The results show the realization of a continuous feed system and its operation. EWI was able to prove the economic tyre recycling projections.

b.Molectra (https://wastemanagementreview.com. au/a-rubberised-archetype-molectra-technologies/):

This company developed a series of machines and a technique to process tyres extracting rubber in a fine powder format, which is unique (the name of the company means MOLECularTRAnsformation). The process comprises mechanical, chemical, and MW treatments. The residual carbon is pure (97.4 %) and can be crushed to form carbon black, which is used to manufacture new tyres, plastics, paints, inks, and batteries. Alternatively, the carbon can be converted into activated carbon for water purification, gold extraction, and air filtration. Another clever development is the inclusion of fertilizers and soil microbes into the char. The capacities can be 2-10 tons/h of processed tyres.

c.SBC (https://www.sbiofuel.com/downloads.html):

SBC pursues industrialization and commercialization of its proprietary and patented technology; the utilization of MAP of any material of hydrocarbon origin, being it any biomass, plastic, or rubber. The product strategies differ as a function of the markets and according to the maturity of technologies.

d.Tyrebirth s.r.l. - Italy (https://www.tyrebirth.com/en/):

Tyrebirth has developed, following proprietary patents [38, 53, 54] a very high-efficient recycling process that allows the creation of high-quality products through the MAP of end-of-life tyres. The Tyrebirth process produces solid, liquid, and gaseous products:


Techwave follows an innovative technological solution using proprietary patents of the MAP process [35, 39] to recover the material and energy content of waste plastic obtaining new materials from waste or contaminated plastics. The process is innovative, energetically sustainable, and has a low environmental impact. The innovation of the process is the use of microwave to supply the energy required by the process and a MW absorber, obtaining uniform heating of the material avoiding the problems of classical thermal heating. Another characteristic of the plant is its compactness because it may be installed in two standard containers (**Figure 4**).

f. Pyrowave - Canada (https://www.pyrowave.com/en/)

Pyrowave provides a unique technology using a MAP process [55] to regenerate post-consumer plastics by breaking them down into intermediate products that are used to make new plastics identical to virgin plastics, restoring their full value. Pyrowave paves the way to a truly circular economy of plastics. The regeneration of plastics allows for infinite recycling and avoids the Green House Gases associated with the extraction of virgin material.

g.Industrial co-operations

Some co-operation has been realized among companies and some important firms or institutions for chemical recycling of synthetic polymers, even if some of them, at this time, do not plan to use the microwave to supply the energy

**Figure 3.** *A picture of the Tyrebirth plant (by curtesy of Tyrebirth s.r.l.)*

*Mixed or Contaminated Waste Plastic Recycling through Microwave - Assisted Pyrolysis DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.100179*

**Figure 4.**

*Some picture of the prototype plant of Techwave s.r.l. (by curtesy of Techwave s.r.l.)*

for the process, but the use of MW may lead to a better improvement of the process itself.


REMONDIS supplies suitable plastic waste to the plant and BASF uses the resulting pyrolysis oil as feedstock in its production.


to keep plastic waste out of the environment [68]. The collaboration will support the rapid scaling of Mura's new HydroPRS™ (Hydrothermal Plastic Recycling Solution). This process can recycle all forms of plastic – including multi-layer, flexible plastics with the first 20,000 tons/y line expected to be operational in 2022.

