**1. Introduction**

Polyethylene (PE) is a synthetic resin made from the polymerization of ethylene [1]. It is an ethylene polymer with the structural formula of (-CH2-CH2-)n. This is generated at high pressures and temperatures in the presence of a catalyst, based on the desired characteristics and properties for the final product. It is manufactured as branched low-density polyethylene (LDPE), linear high-density polyethylene (HDPE), and many other variants. This olefin plastic can be combined with other elements, compounds, and monomers to form other polyethylene brands and co-polymers. The primary production processes employed are the Ziegler-Natta, metallocene, and chromium/silica catalysts in their manufacture, and this production pathway affects the final products' mechanical and end-use properties. Water, acids, alkalis, most solvents, and chemicals do not affect polyethylene. Polyethylene offers superior low-temperature resistance, excellent chemical resistance, excellent power insulation, intense pressure, and high radiation resistance. Polyethylene is highly susceptible to environmental stress (both chemical and mechanical) and has low heat-aging resistance. Polyethylene characteristics and properties vary based on the molecular structure and density of the polymer [2]. PE is used in various items and packaging, including milk jugs, drinking straws, bottle caps, detergent bottles, cream tubs, waste bins, water pipes, children's toys, and films, as well as plastic bags. Most unwanted items are disposed of in landfills, burned, and recycled, while some are inappropriately disposed of and strewn on streets and highways, wreaking

havoc on our environment and marine life. Improperly disposed polyethylene waste poses many public health concerns and harms flora and fauna and the environment, mainly when it is not collected and disposed of properly [3]. Efforts are made to convert or reuse polyethylene products through recycling. Polyethylene waste disposal, reduction, and recycling generate many benefits if handled well [4]. This chapter will discuss polyethylene production and processing, properties, application and usage, disposal systems, and recycling.
