**3. Stress loads**

The Decision Space Well Engineering Software Torque & Drag outputs can be used to predict and analyze the torque and axial forces generated by drill strings, casing strings, or liners while running in, pulling out, sliding, backreaming, and/or rotating in a three-dimensional wellbore. The effects of mud properties, wellbore deviation, weight-on-bit (WOB), and other operational parameters can be studied.

In Decision Space Well Engineering, many stress calculations are performed using the following equations. These calculations include the effect of [6]:

