**1. Introduction**

There are presently around 700 carotenoids known, although only about 50 of them are being digested by humans [1, 2]. Carotenoids are present in large concentrations in adipose tissue (80–80% of total), liver (8–12%), and muscles (2–3%) in healthy adults, but in fewer amounts in all other areas [3]. overall amount and levels of various carotenoids inside a person's bloodstream are mostly determined by their daily average diet. Carotenoids and polyenes are abundant in green leafy vegetables and various multicolored fruits [4]. The bulk of dietary carotenoids is digested by the stomach and enters the bloodstream in humans. People's blood contains B-carotene, a-carotene,

cryptoxanthin, lycopene, and lutein [5]. Carotenoids circulate in the circulation alongside lipoproteins, notably LDL (low-density lipoprotein fraction) [6]. However, a large amount of ingested B-carotene and other provitamins. A carotenoid is transformed to the retina, primarily in the gut wall, but also some proportion in the stomach and intestines [7]. In the human diet, fresh vegetables are currently the primary source of carotenoids [8–10]. Lutein might perform an important role in hypertension and symptoms of acute permeability in those with heart problems, high cholesterol, and/or hyperglycemia, according to a literature review and meta-analysis [11].

Carotenoids may be found in a variety of fruits and are also available as a nutritional supplement [12, 13]. Cardiovascular abnormalities have subsequently been a major source of worry across the world since they affect a large portion of the global population, and an elevated death rate has been reported in individuals aged 30 and above [14, 15]. Numerous researches have looked at carotenoids' possible cardioprotective and antioxidant capabilities [16, 17]. Individuals with cardiovascular disease may benefit from the anti-inflammatory properties of lutein, which may help to alleviate their symptoms [18]. ROS-induced reactive damage can arise in lipid peroxidation products, this may hasten the onset of atherosclerosis, the condition that causes heart attacks and ischemic strokes [19].
