*3.1.1.5 Peri-implant sulcus fluid analysis (PISF)*

PISF has a substantial amount of biochemical mediators which act as a non – invasive host marker for identifying underlying peri-implant diseases. There have been studies conducted which show a positive correlation with PISF and plaque accumulation [55], degree of peri-implant soft tissue inflammation [55], and also the amount of bone resorption [56].

#### *3.1.1.6 Suppuration*

Suppuration is a confirmatory indicator of the disease activity and hence immediate anti-infective therapy is recommended [57].
