**5.1 Applications as structural materials**

Thermoset polymers composites and nanocomposites are very important in today's ultratech world. Items, such as seafood, automobiles, aircraft, are examples of nanocomposites applications. Most importantly, the improved structural modification, NCs of special strength make them compatible with metal materials incorporated in various locations. These materials are easy to process and therefore, have a broad range of applications. With the advent of nanotechnology, NCs offer numerous benefits as synthetic nanomaterials, such as stability, lightweight, and sustainability. Nanocomposites are receiving a lot of attention because of their advanced mechanical properties that have increased the reliability of these materials. Different materials are used in the production of different types of nanocomposites. The most widely used compounds are carbon nanoparticles loaded on nanoclays. Dispersion of NPs is one of the major hurdles faced by researchers recently. Nanocomposites contain 10–12% of nanoclays that are more potent and stronger than nanocalcium compounds.

The nanoscale size significantly improves physicochemical and chemical interactions. The morphology found in nanocomposites can change the phase, important for the development of various structures. Mixing and aero treatment are two important factors that improve the performance of a given NC. The variety of combinations between matrix, synthetic additives, and nanofillers allows for a wide range of materials used in fire reactions, electronic structures, optical performance, mechanical and thermal properties. Improvement of filling quality greatly improves the distribution of such nanocomposites through multiple applications.

The impact of nanoparticles on the mechanical properties of polymer composites is an important factor to consider. The addition of nanofiller significantly reduced the resistance coefficient compared to pristine epoxy. Besides, 1% by weight of nanofillers showed better results than 3% by weight of nanofillers, which was unexpected. It may be due to agglomeration particles leading to poor dispersion in the epoxy matrix.
