**1. Introduction**

Dental implants have become a well-accepted treatment option for patients with partial or complete edentulism. The long-term success of the endosseous dental implant depends not only on osseointegration, but on the healthy soft tissue interface that surrounds the implant [1]. Dental implants are susceptible to disease, and they might develop inflammatory reactions, which might lead to peri-implant mucositis and/or peri-implantitis.

Peri-implant disease progresses quietly without pain and often starts with marginal bone loss. The factors responsible can be broadly classified as biological factors and biomechanical factors. The biological factors include progressive bone loss, bacterial infections, and microbial plaque [2]. Biological complications are grouped as early biological failures and late implant failures. The early failures are applied to inappropriate aseptic measures of the surgical implant [3], and late complications are typically infections caused by peri-implantitis and bacterial plaque. Peri-implantitis due to biomechanical factors are either prosthesis-related factors such as occlusal overload, residual cement, inadequate prosthetic placement, or inappropriate abutment angle and bruxism [4].
