**3. Connective tissue graft (CTG)**

The first description in literature of the use of connective tissue graft was by Alan Edel in 1974 for increasing the width of gingiva [32]. Since than the indications and the use of CTG graft increased significantly. Today, CTG is still regarded as the gold standard for most soft tissue augmentation treatments. It is indicated for:

1. Increasing the width of the keratinized gingiva [33]

2.Treatment of single and multiple gingival recession around teeth [34]

3.Treatment of mucosal recession around implants [35]

4.Furcation treatment [36]

5.Regeneration of infrabony defects [37]

6.Augmentation of edentulous alveolar ridge defects [38]

7.Augmentation of PIS [39]

Some of the aforementioned indications are overlapping with those of the FGG. The main advantage of the CTG over FGG is the superior esthetic outcome in terms of color and texture of the augmented area (**Figure 4**) [25, 26, 40–42].
