**Abstract**

Textile wastewaters are complex effluents that may cause severe effects on environmental and human health when not treated properly. Traditionally, textile wastewater treatment has been carried out through conventional processes using individual or combined advanced oxidation processes (AOPs) with acceptable removal efficiencies. Although AOPs may remove textile pollutants, the operational costs are expensive. The ABGS process is a technology based on symbiotic microbial interactions between algal and bacterial consortia. This novel biological process could be a promising alternative versus conventional technologies for textile wastewater treatment due to having a higher capability for effectively removing nutrients and refractory organic pollutants. Therefore, this chapter presents a critical review of Algal-Bacterial Granular Sludge processes as an effective and economical alternative treatment for textile wastewater to comparison to AOPs. Furthermore, the symbiotic characteristics of ABGS processes allow to decrease the environmental effects and operating costs and improve biomass production containing high value-added compounds. Therefore, the ABGS-based processes could be considered a feasible technology for textile wastewater treatment with lower energy requirements than conventional treatments. Although to guarantee ABGS optimal performance, algae and bacteria strains must be selected according to their adaptive capacity to textile wastewater characteristics.

**Keywords:** ABGS process, textile wastewater, AOPs, cost estimation
