**5. Role of SOD in other fungal infection**

Superoxide of pathogenic fungus are cofactors with Cu/Zn or Mn metals. The enzymes are localized in the cytosol as well as in mitochondria and involved in cell differentiation and multi-stress conditions. Mitochondrial Mn-SODs prevent the damages of oxidative stress, osmotic and thermal stresses in yeast cells. SODs protein has been shown to contribute to the virulence of many intracellular pathogenic fungi, such as *C. neoformans* [60], and *H. capsulatum*, both are capable to some degree of neutralizing the lethal levels of ROS produced by the host cells [64]. *C. neoformans* have Zn-SOD and Mn-SOD, while *H. capsulatum* has Cu/Zn-SOD. However, some fungal pathogens and fungal-like oomycetes have a unique SOD, such as Cu-SODs (SOD5). SOD5 are closely associated with the ubiquitous class of Cu/Zn-SODs but lack a Zn cofactor [34] and are believed to act on substrate level [131–133]. Unlike Cu/ZnSODs, which is found in both intra- and extracellularly, Cu-SODs are found exclusively in extracellular, and they appear primarily appended to the GPI anchors protein of cell surface [134, 135]. Cu-SODs have been proved to protect pathogens from the oxidative burst of the host regulated by immune cells [9] **Table 1**.
