**7. Cell handling, storage and challenges**

There are a lot of measures that should be taken to handle cells smoothly. Smooth and gentle handling of the cell gives better outcomes. An SOP must be defined clearly in the handling procedure of a cell. Clean area, BSL, pressure control of the cell culture room, personal hygiene, general laboratory management, gowning, skilled manpower can play a vital role in this regard. Generally, cell incubate at 36–37°C in a 5% CO2 sometimes CO2 level 4–10%, and time required based on cell types, research methodology. For the short preservation (few hours <2 hours) of the cell need normal freezing and for about day-long preservation required −20°C with growth media or cryoprotectant agent. Cryopreservation is required for the yearlong storage of cells. The temperature logbook is an essential document in the lab. Any fluctuation, problems in power supply, user entry of fridge/ cold room, and incubator are inevitably helpful to handle and maintain cells. Besides lock, access control or password system in laboratory, incubator, and fridge might be helpful in this regard. Resulting in easily identify the problems if any. Vigorous pipetting during cell harvesting, splitting cause cell damage sometimes causes cell death. A few toxic and harmful substances are eluted from the microfilters during sterilization. That's why practicing the sterile technique strictly and selecting cultural instruments carefully. It is recommended that washing all the instruments with the culture medium immediately before performing cell culture. Nevertheless, other types of contamination happened from plastic instruments or trace elements, even in water that affects the cells in culture [11]. Viruses, bacteria, mycoplasma, and endotoxins contamination may appear due to rough handling and haphazard performance. Strict environmental control is necessary to check cross-contamination in cell culture [41].

*A Brief Concept of Cell Culture: Challenges, Prospects and Applications DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.99387*
