*A Brief Concept of Cell Culture: Challenges, Prospects and Applications DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.99387*

disease (FMD) and rabies virus, as well as heterologous protein production (Factor VIII) [6]. The BHK-21 cell line was established in 1961 from the kidneys of 5 Syrian hamsters from litter number 21. Since this time, this cell line has been considered as a research facility standard for the development of countless viruses and the study of numerous biological processes. Baby hamster kidney (BHK) cells are one of many different vertebrate cell types used for the propagation of viruses by infection and transfection [7]. Generally obtained from BHK cells can vary widely if not obtained from the ATCC. For the production of animal products (vaccine) baby hamster kidney (BHK) cells are generally used, the most important of which is the production of a vaccine against FMD and rabies. Also, BHK was used in the production of recombinant proteins, such as blood coagulation factor VIII for the extraction of DNA from Pseudorabies virus and production of capture antigen enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) when diagnosing Japanese Encephalitis (JE) [8–10]. BHK-21 cells were grown and propagated in modified minimum essential media (MEM) by adding a set of proteins including Lactalbumin (2.50 g/l), yeast extract (1.00 g/l), peptone (2.50 g/l), New Zealand casein (1.00 g/l); Glutamine (0.50 g/l) and 2% sodium bicarbonate were also added to the culture medium. Also, 5–10% of the serum treated with polyethylene glycol 6000 was added to modified MEM. Penicillin G and streptomycin was added at the rate of 100 IU to control microbial load. After keeping the BHK cells in a liquid nitrogen tank and passing them through the preparation steps, the cells were transferred to CCF for subsequent cultivation. The flasks were kept in incubators at an operating temperature of 36°C or 36.5°C or 37°C and 5% carbon dioxide. Maintaining the starting pH of the culture ranged from 7.1 to 7.2 or 7.4 while carbon dioxide was used to control the pH. Common morphology of some cells are *Fibroblastic (or fibroblast-like) cells*: Shape- bipolar or sometimes multipolar, elongated, that attached to a substrate during growth and wrench commonly during culture. *Epithelial-like cells*: Shape-polygonal, Dimensions-regular, and which attached to a substrate in discrete patches. *Lymphoblast-like cell*: Shape-spherical, Commonly, grown in suspension and do not attach to the surface of flask.
