**6. Conclusions**

EVs modulate the environment that favors tumor growth and progression. EVs provide a method of cell-cell communication, and through their rich cargo of ECM proteins, cell adhesion proteins, tyrosine kinases, chaperones, signaling proteins, DNA and RNA binding proteins, they create a pre-metastatic niche. By priming nearby and distant cells into becoming cancerous, they promote tumor metastasis. Several mechanisms have been discovered for their actions including, promotion of migratory behavior, chemoresistance, anti-apoptosis, vascular leakage, and immune modulation. Understanding how TDE and MVs create a pre-metastatic niche and how halting the trafficking of such vesicles can produce a revolutionizing new era in the field of cancer therapeutics. By preventing TDE-promoted metastasis and tumor progression, coupled with conventional radio and chemotherapy, the survival rates of cancer patients can significantly improve.
