**6. Conclusions**

Gametogenesis, fertilization, implantation and early embryonic development are complex processes that are highly dependent on communication between cells and organs. The transmission of EVs between cells as a newly discovered way of cell communication, is increasingly found to play crucial and multiple roles in the field of reproduction. In the male reproductive system, prostasomes and epididymosomes derived from prostate/epididymis are found in semen, which contribute to maturation, motility, activation, capacitation of SPZ and acrosome reaction (**Figure 2**). In the female reproductive system, the two-way communication between oocytes and

**Figure 2.** *The functions of EVs in male reproductive system.*
