**7. Conclusion**

Exosomes play a crucial role in facilitating the cell-cell environment under normal and pathological conditions. TEXs are emerging as the key immunoregulatory players for cancer cell-to-tumor microenvironment communication, influencing tumor development and metastasis. It's exciting and intriguing that the TEX can train immune effector cells to suppress or stimulate the immune system. TEX-driven interactions may be direct or indirect, and the presence or absence of immune recipient cells in the TME may alter the outcome. Oncotransducers, which generate juxtracrine or paracrine signals, may alter suppressive pathways formed in immune recipient cells and resulting in faster tumor growth. Immunotherapies are unlikely to function at its full potential due to TEX -based antibody sequestration. Reports also suggest that TEX-induced immunostimulatory signals can modify the TME to enhance immune activation rather than tumor progression. Hence more investigations are warranted. TEX-engineering to activate the anti-tumor potentials may lead to future therapeutics. Presently, the key challenge of the tumor biomarker identification and validation procedure is dependent on decoding the messages in TEX cargo and correlating them to clinical data. The practical usage of TEX may revolutionize cancer detection, diagnosis and therapy.
