**7. Conclusion**

The exosome formation and secretion after a retrovirus infection is a very complex process. Further study of the virally complex microvesicles will clarify their role in infection. The main function of the exosome in semen and plasma is immune activation, immune suppression, transfer of functional miRNA, intracellular and intercellular communication. The exosome study will manage the broad biological and medical implications towards the pathogenesis of HIV-1 infected individuals. The current understanding of the exosome biology and function with regards to the HIV-1 infection is in early-stage now. The role of exosomes in the host-HIV-1 infections can open a new era of understanding of disease mechanisms, therapeutic interventions, and future diagnostic purposes in the field of medical science research.
