**6. Exosomes used as therapy**

Exosomes in semen and plasma could be used as a biomarker for the diagnosis of HIV-1 patients. Exosomes could be used as an immunological and oxidative stress marker in HIV patients. Exosomes either promote or inhibit HIV-1 pathogenesis in the human body. The exosomes could be used as a diagnostic biomarker, therapeutic tool for successful implementation, and clinical application in HIV-1 patients [56]. Plasma neuronal exosomes are used as biomarkers in HIV-associated neurological disorders and Alzheimer's disease [57]. In a recent study, the researchers used the exosome-based strategy to block HIV in mice in a block and lock approach [58].
