**7. Conclusion**

Oral cancer is a type of cancer that primarily affects oral epithelial cells, but it can also spread to other parts of the body and be fatal. The most common type of cancer is OSCC, which accounts for more than 90% of all oral cancers. OSCC remains a serious public health concern despite extensive research because of its poor prognosis . Novel chemoprevention technologies are becoming increasingly important as traditional therapeutic methodologies are frequently insufficient. Nanotechnology has proven to be extremely beneficial in this case. Nanoparticlebased diagnostic methods for OSCC detection and diagnosis are capable of providing real-time, appropriate, and cost-effective diagnoses. They can show molecular-targeted imaging, nano-scale biomarker analysis, and post-treatment OSCC prediction. Bioconjugate nanoparticles have a wide range of applications for

#### *Way to Cure Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma with Theranostics and Nanoparticular Approaches DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.100181*

amplified transduction of biomolecular recognition events, as demonstrated by the studies described above. Because of their optical and electrochemical applications, such nanoparticle labels serve as the foundation for ultrasensitive protein and nucleic acid assays. This book chapter summarized the most recent advances in nanoparticles for oral cancer diagnosis and treatment. Nanoparticles have been studied for their unique physicochemical properties, such as their ultrasmall size, high reactivity, and ability to be functionalized. It has been demonstrated that accurate and timely oral cancer diagnosis tools, as well as highly effective oral cancer treatment strategies, exist. Nanoparticles can be used to visualize oral cancer, deliver therapeutic agents to tumors selectively, and destroy tumors by using a variety of therapeutic techniques. Hybrid systems, in particular, will garner more attention because they provide nanoparticles with a flexible platform for achieving bio-multifunctionality. The use of nanomedicine in the modern diagnosis and treatment of oral cancer is very exciting. Despite the fact that nanoparticles have a wide range of potential applications in the treatment and prevention of diseases, the nanomedicine field is currently limited in its use of nanoparticle technologies in the prevention and treatment of oral cancer. The studies in this collection focused on therapeutic activities, which were mostly conducted *in vitro* or in preclinical oral cancer models. Because of the complex pathophysiology of oral cancer, such as abnormal hemodynamics, the pharmacokinetics and biodistribution of therapeutic agents can vary, leading to misleading results. Because of the high sensitivity of the new nanoparticle-based sensing protocols, they can detect disease markers, biothreat agents, and infectious agents that are not detectable by traditional methods. Methods of the past early disease detection or terrorist attack warnings could be provided by such highly sensitive biodetection schemes. Although the use of nanoparticle tags for protein detection is still in its early stages, the lessons learned in ultrasensitive DNA detection should be useful. Nonspecific adsorption issues, which frequently limit bioaffinity assay detectability, must be carefully considered for the successful implementation of the new signal-amplify cation strategies. Proper washing and surface blocking steps should be used to avoid amplifying the cation of background signals (associated with non-specific adsorption of the nanoparticle). Although there were *ex vivo* studies of tissue and saliva samples, as well as *in vivo* training in animal models, more experiments must be applied before these strategies can be implemented. In the near future, nanobiosensors are expected to play a larger role in electroanalytical science. For clinical applications, protocols for the synthesis and functionalization of nanoparticles must be developed. Early disease detection, genetic mutations, and bio-targets appear to have the greatest implications. Nanomaterial-based biosensors offer quick, simple, and sensitive cancer detection systems that could be useful in anticancer biosensor research.
