**3. Results**

#### **3.1 Screening of search results**

One hundred fifty-eight studies were initially imported into Covidence, a literature screening software. After duplicates were removed by Covidence, 128 studies remained. Abstracts of all studies were screened by two independent raters (SDG and

<sup>1</sup> Non-English language studies were captured in our search and were excluded if an English translation could not be found.

CS) who removed all irrelevant studies; a moderate rate of agreement of 74% was achieved [26]. A third screener (PRS) aided in resolving any conflicts between the two raters. A total of 28 studies met our final inclusion criteria (**Figure 1**).
