**3. Results**

#### **3.1 Descriptive statistics**

The sample of the present study consisted of 92 individuals, all medical residents in the UGHP. The demographic features of participants are shown in **Table 1**. Fifty-two percent (n = 48) were females. In terms of age, the majority (77.2%, n = 71) was 25–35 years old. With regard to sector-specialty, 41.3% (n = 38) of participants worked at the Internal Medicine, 31.5% (n = 29) Surgical, 21.7% (n = 20) Laboratory, 3.3% (n = 3) Psychiatric, and 2.2% (n = 2) at Clinical-laboratory Sector, respectively. Only 9.9% (n = 9) had an MSc and 7.7% (n = 7) a PhD degree. The majority of participants (59.8%, n = 55) worked overall as medical residents for 2–5 years and especially at UGHP for 0–2 years (51.1%, n = 47).

The questions that were related to possible negative issues at the workplace of participants have represented: Participants asserted that they had been "frequently" ordered to do work below their level of competence (M = 3.68), as well as having key areas of responsibility removed or replaced with more trivial or unpleasant tasks (M = 3.63). Also, participants' answers, regarding the statement "Being exposed to an unmanageable workload", were placed between the scale "sometimes" and "frequently" (M = 3.34). Furthermore, participants claimed that "sometimes" had been shouted at or being the target of spontaneous anger (M = 2.88) and under pressure not to claim something to which by right they were entitled (M = 2.83). Accordingly, "sometimes" someone withholds information which affects their performance (M = 2.79). Also, "sometimes" having been their opinions ignored (M = 2.75), were under persistent criticism of their errors or mistakes (M = 2.74), as well as "sometimes" there were spreading of gossip and rumors about them (M = 2.73) (**Table 2**).

Additionally, participants' answers were placed between the scale "rarely" and "sometimes" as for the statements "Repeated reminders of your errors or mistakes" (M = 2.62), "Being given tasks with an unreasonable deadline" (M = 2.55), and "Excessive monitoring of your work" (M = 2.38). Moreover, participants declared that "rarely" having been humiliated or ridiculed in connection with their work (M = 2.25),


*Correlates of Mobbing among Medical Residents in a University General Hospital… DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.104041*

#### **Table 1.**

*Sociodemographic and work-related parameters in the study sample (n = 92).*

ignored or facing a hostile reaction when they approach (M = 2.22), having allegations made against them (M = 2.16), having been ignored or excluded (M = 2.13), having insulting or offensive remarks made about their attitudes or private life (M = 2.10), having been a victim of mobbing in their work (M = 2.02) or the subject of excessive teasing and sarcasm (M = 2.00). Moreover, participants argued that there were "rarely" intimidating behaviors, (such as finger-pointing, invasion of personal space, shoving, blocking their way) (M = 1.78), hints or signals from others that made them quit their job (M = 1.68) or practical jokes, carried out by people they don't get along with (M = 1.68). In conclusion, participants' answers were placed between the scale "never" and "rarely", with regard to the statement "Threats of violence or physical abuse or actual abuse" (M = 1.36).
