**1. Introduction**

Tsunami-like digital revolutions cause a sharp transformation of the world from modern society to Information society that eventually changed the scientific paradigms and approaches. Therefore, there appear several problems related to major clinical problems. Similarly, there emerge gaps between the cathartic effect of clinical interviews and therapeutic alliance. This gap also exists in the deeper understanding

of the real experiences of the client and the help of the therapist. This chapter discusses the new diagnosis and treatment opportunities of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) that appeared in stunning psychotherapy techniques and approaches and the changing role of psychiatrists. Since the shift in society and technological advancements doubles the burden of psychiatrists to a large extent, conventional diagnoses and therapies for PTSD do not work properly. It seems inevitable that recent developments and challenges surpass conventional approaches to PTSD that can easily miss embracing the overwhelming realities that those people experience.

This study, therefore, aims to explore and exemplify new diagnostic and therapeutic approaches to PTSD cases by embracing the digital revolutions of society with their novel implications and insights. To search for new working diagnoses and treatment opportunities, PTSD issues are analyzed by different angles and multi perspectives developed by certain disciplines. For Tarhan, the algorithm for the diagnosis and treatment process of PTSD has three main dynamics—ontological, sociological, and clinical (see **Figure 1**). These three dynamics are expanded by two more additional dynamics. Recent research on genomics and epigenomics in neuro-biological perspectives along with clinical and neuro-imaging perspectives are presented that they conglomerate new insights and implications for PTSD. They are explained in detail in the second and third parts of the chapter, respectively.

The underlying reason for designing this chapter in five subsequent parts comes from the need to shed some new light on PTSD from different angles. The latest technological innovations in genomics, epigenomics in neuro-biological perspectives, and clinical and neuro-imaging perspectives challenge the psychiatrists' role as they are expected to update their reference frames related to PTSD for diagnosis and

**Figure 1.**

*The algorithm for the diagnosis and treatment process of PTSD.*

#### *New Diagnosis and Treatment Approaches to Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.104098*

treatment alternatives. Therefore, the study presents five interdisciplinary domains that are correlated with each other thematically as they particularly aimed to answer the question of what possible new approaches we have in terms of PTSD.

To pursue the goals mentioned above, the first part of the chapter starts with an ontological discussion that analyzes PTSD in terms of epidemiology and existential questions. In addition to those dimensions, the heavy impact of Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19) on PTSD cases and its sociopolitical consequences are portrayed in detail. This first part also throws a question as to whether post-traumatic growth is possible or not. It underlines that ontological well-being should not be ignored as healthy mindsets that eventually produce a healthy society. Ontological well-being and positive psychology are given as the ultimate aims of the science that would work for the benefit of the whole society counting PTSD patients. However, it is a challenging standpoint to offer a therapy that can work for the whole society. In the PTSD context, if social psychiatry utilizes cutting-edge approaches by wisely utilizing the technological advances of the cyber era, the mental and social well-being of society can be reached.

The second part follows the ontological discussions with Neuro-Biological Perspectives on Genomics and Epigenomics in PTSD. This part also discusses current Genome-Wide Association Studies and current Epigenome-Wide Association Studies. PTSD can occur at the organic, cellular, and molecular level due to the effect of an external event such as psychological trauma, as well as inherited from generation to generation. In PTSD, genetic and epigenetic studies are prioritized based on biological research because they are promising in elucidating molecular functioning and finding biomarkers. The goal of these studies is to lay the groundwork for new and preventive treatments to ameliorate the symptoms and the disease. In this context, there is current evidence for the potential of current genetic and epigenetic studies from the biological risk factors of PTSD.

In a similar vein, the third part of the chapter portrays the clinical and neuroimaging perspectives and clinical overviews of PTSD. This part argues the practical psychological treatments, such as neuromodulatory and neurobiological treatments. This part presents the Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder Checklist for DSM-5 as a selfreport measure to evaluate the presence and severity of PTSD symptoms.

The fourth part expands the topic by adding the neuro-developmental perspective of PTSD, particularly in the context of children. Here, PTSD is analyzed by emphasizing the significance of Brain Development. This part is followed by a detailed explanation of adverse childhood experiences (ACE) and their relation to PTSD.

The fifth and final part of the chapter reviews PTSD in its correlation to the new paradigms and changes in Information Society. This part brings forward those transformations of society and media that necessitate searching for new discourses and alternative digital therapies for PTSD. Here, within the context of Attachment Theory, this final part warns of the potential evil that is inherent in new media, particularly in Digital Habitus and Dark Web. It would be wise to be cautious toward the widespread acts of cyber violence. It highlights the significance of a new emotional repertoire that can be identified as new types of traumas seen in digital habitus. In conclusion, since new trauma types emerged on cyber platforms, the mission and goal of social psychiatry are recommended to adopt these changes. Therefore, keeping pace with these transformations is widening the job definition of contemporary psychiatrists. Searching for new ways and counter activities to prevent society from demonic sides of social media ultimately shaped the agenda of psychiatrists.
