**4. Mode of action of homoeopathic medicine**

Homeopathy is an over 226-year-old system of complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) developed by the German physician Samuel Hahnemann, MD. This mode of healing is based on distinct principles, comprehensive case history-based clinical findings], noteworthy patient contentment, and an expanding contemporary research database. It deals with the patient holistically and looks at the patient's ailment as a multicausative phenomenon. Dynamic forces that derail need dynamic intervention, and homeopathy provides a solution. It focuses on the patient with hypertension rather than on hypertension itself.

### **4.1 Essential principles of classical homeopathy**


The original method of preparing homeopathic medicines comprises trituration in lactose and/or serial dilution in ethanol–water solutions and succession (vigorous replicated cycles of pounding by hand or standardized mechanical arm pounding on a hard surface) in glass vials containing ethanol–water solutions [37]. This generates "top–down" nanoparticles of the source material. Nanoparticles range in size from 1 nanometer (nm) on a side up to 1000 nm or more. Thus, insoluble substances were converted into effective remedial agents for the first time in the history of western medicine. He also observed that as these potentization methods ascend the scale, the capacity of the drug to produce mental symptoms increased. By potentization, the drug energy is released in a form best suited to restoring the lost harmony through the use of a similar force. The physico-chemical effects of the remedy cease, and it acts at the dynamic level where it follows the rules applicable to the field of dynamics.

The action of homoeopathic remedy on a living organism (**Figure 3**) [57] Fundamental research in basic science indicates that authentically-prepared homeopathic medicines:

A. contain calculable source nanoparticles (NPs) and/or silica nanoparticles with adsorbed original materials [57–60], which are compositely dispersed in colloidal solution;

#### **Figure 3.**

*Nanoparticle model for homeopathic remedy action: hormesis, allostatic cross-adaptation, and time-dependent sensitization of the nonlinear stress response mediator network. Global and local healing occur across the person as a self-organized complex adaptive system in response to the individualized remedy serving as personalized hermetic stressor, i.e., holistic nanomedicine: an exogenous nanoparticle stimulating self-amplified, bidirectional adaptive change (see text).*


The action of homoeopathic medicines can be explained with the help of the biopsychosocial model. The biopsychosocial model reflects the development of illness through the complex interaction of biological factors (genetic, infections, trauma, nutrition, etc.), psychological factors (mood, personality, emotional turmoil, negative thinking, etc.), and social factors (cultural, socioeconomic, technological, etc.) [81]. According to the biopsychosocial model, individuals as per their present state and personal history, respond differently to one and the same substance. Homeopathy is the pioneer of personalized medicine where the patient's complete data of health issues is considered for a precisely aimed therapy. The homoeopath considers the case a disease phenomenon that is a modification in the whole individual from his original state of health. It is the totality of alterations that comprises all the patient's mental, physical, and psychological changes.

The prescription of a homoeopath is based on the totality of the symptoms, which includes patient's life span, counting past illnesses, family history, constitution and

*Stress-induced Anger and Hypertension: An Evaluation of the Effects of Homeopathic… DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.104589*

#### **Figure 4.**

*Application of the law of similia in homeopathy.*

temperament, and peculiar symptoms of the present illnesses. A patient's portrait is created on this base, and this disease partite is correlated with a remedy picture. When these two portraits match, a homeopathic response is established, and the body shall make efforts to cure the illness. It is called the similia principle. The fundamental law of homoeopathy is based on nature's law of "Like cures like," also known as the "Law of similars." According to this law, the prescribed homeopathic medicine faces very little resistance as the patient exhibits an enhanced susceptibility to it (**Figure 4**).

Modern anti-hypertensive drugs are not always well-tolerated due to their many harmful side effects [82]. They have the inconvenience of drug treatment despite its unchallenged efficacy [83, 84]; side effects [85] and difficulties with drug compliance occur in up to 70% of the patients [86]. They have no impact on depression, general psychopathology, and quality of life scores compared to those who use only a dietary program [87]. Such drugs do not have any effect on reducing the anger of hypertensive patients. Homeopathic medicines do not have unwanted side effects [88].

This research studies the relationship between essential hypertension (EHT), higher levels of negative emotion such as high trait anger and perceived stress, and their homeopathic treatment. This anger research has mainly explored the experience and expression of anger. The purpose of this study is to ascertain the efficacy of a homeopathic similimum in treating anger and thereby controlling EHT. Homeopathic treatment is much more cost-effective, has no adverse effects, and improves the quality of life, making it more readily accepted.
