**5. Cellulose- and hemicellulose-derived products**

The cellulose- and hemicellulose-derived products by steam explosion pretreatment, such as monosaccharides, antibacterial, lactic acid, D-lactic acid, xylose, xylitol, HMF, and furfural, have been widely introduced in many studies. The production of monosaccharides as a raw material derived from cellulose- and hemicellulos-based products, such as glucose conversion, has been reported. Fernandez [41] reported the use of steam explosion for whole olive stones to enhance the enzymatic hydrolysis for conversion of cellulose into sugar. Dai [42] used steam explosion, in comparison with hydrothermal pretreatment, to convert bamboo (*Bambusa stenostachya*) into monosaccharides, such as glucose xylose and arabinose and furfural. Asada [4] reported the production of lactic acid and antibacterial through enzymatic saccharification followed by the fermentation process, and as a result, approximately 0.53 g/l where the lactic acid from glucose produced approximately 0.7 g/l from 1 g/l glucose. This result was attributed to the inhibition of the fermentation process of soluble lignin from the substrate of enzymatic hydrolysate. The antibacterial violet pigment was produced by the same process of enzymatic hydrolysate, where glucose decreased in line with the rapid cell growth, with the maximum growth occurring within 20 h. After the cell growth was stopped, the antibacterial was produced as a secondary metabolite and reached the maximum condition within 30 h, where the culture color changed into deep violet. Sasaki [43] used steam-exploded sugarcane bagasse to produce D-lactic acid by comparison with and without water extraction. They used meicelase for enzymatic saccharification and *Lactobacillus delbrueckii* NBRC 3534 for D-lactic acid fermentation; according to the result, the glucose conversion rate for waterextracted hydrolysate (49.9%) was found to be higher than that obtained without extraction (36.4%). In terms of the rate of conversion from glucose to D-lactic acid, D-lactic acid production was escalated more by the water extraction treatment (90%) than that without the extraction (66.6%). This result was attributed to the water extraction, which was decreased by fermentation inhibitors such as HMF and furfural. Macros [44] used wheat straw to produced xylose and glucose by the steam explosion pretreatment followed by warm water wash and enzymatic hydrolysis, which used a combination of accellerase and xylanase (accellerase-XC

*Biorefinery System of Lignocellulosic Biomass Using Steam Explosion DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.98544*

and XY), which exhibits multiple enzyme activities, such as exoglucanase, endoglucanase, hemicellulose, and β-glucosidase. As a result, 87% and 27% increases were observed in the hemicellulose conversion into glucose and xylose, respectively. Liu [45] used simultaneous and co-fermentation for improving the xylose production by steam explosion, followed by SHF and SSCF methods. *S cerevisiae* IPE002 was used for both fermentation methods, which could convert. The glucose and xylose production reached 100.4 and 25.1 g/l concentrations, respectively. Wang [46] used corn straw to produce xylitol by acid impregnation, followed by steam explosion without detoxification; as a result, xylene hydrolysate with a high amount of xylose production and simultaneous glucan production were observed. The medium of *Candida tropicalis* produced a maximum yield of 35.6 g/l for xylitol in 38 h fermentation with 0.94 g/l h productivity.
