**4. Proposed dual core PCF design integrated with AI**

The silica glass is easily available and have some characteristics due to this it is preferred for designing PCF structures. Below **Table 1** depicts some properties of silica glass [15].

Silica is the purest form of SiO2 which is easily available from the sand as a raw material. This raw silica is used to convert into Electronic Grade Silicon (EGS) from various processes. This glass has superior transmission chatcteristics in the UV (Ultra-violet) and IR (Infra-red) spectra, a very low dielectric coefficient and excellent properties where fluorescence or polarization is an issue. This silica can be shaped too many forms and sizes. It has excellent resistance to non-fluorinated acids, solvents and plasmas. The finite-difference method is the most accurately and numerically efficient method to solve Maxwell's Equation [15] and needs less computational time.

By selection of Silica glass as a core material for designing of PCF structure, below mentioned **Figure 7** depicts the cross-sectional view of proposed dual core Silica PCF with circular sensing ring. The diameter of the air hole is 1.2 μm. Here elliptical air hole is also used in the first layer and the semi major and semi minor axis for that ellipse is 1.2 and 0.8 μm respectively. The pitch value for the proposed structure is 2 μm.

After designing the structure of Dual Core PCF if there is a variation of index mode then due to different mode index values, there must be some variation measured in confining light through designed PCF. This variation is already mentioned in above **Figure 3 (a & b)**.

It indicates that as index mode value varies like 1.4053, 1.4055, 1.4088, 1.41 … .. The variation is observed in confining the light through core of the proposed fiber.

The proposed dual core PCF for sensing various applications like blood sample detection, alcohol detection, disease detection, White Blood Cells (WBC), Red Blood Cells (RBC) detection and for many more pathological detection can be integrated with AI technology which provides optimized results to diagnose infected cells. For this purpose below mentioned setup as shown in **Figure 8** is

