**4.1 Selected participants' characteristics**

Participants of this study included 150 randomly selected adults 18 through 82 of age with the mean age of 42.8 and (S.D = 17.9, 58 female); 83 were natives, 51 were migrants from the capital Dar es Salaam and 13 were migrants from upcountry. The participants were included from three sub-wards surrounding the Pugu and Kazimzumbwi forest reserve in order to capture hybrid and diverse attributes on attachment to the reserves. Each sub-ward had 50 participants in the survey. The main characteristics of participants are summarized in **Table 1**.
