*5.1.1 Traditional drainage ditches*

These are structures constructed by digging deep within the farm or outside so as to divert runoff water and debris before reaching the farmland (**Figure 4**). It also serves as a watercourse, channeling runoff into ground water with minimal sheet erosion. This practice reduces the distance over which runoff travels over farmland and reduces water logging conditions. Morgan [61] reported that such drainage practices are constructed along the slope, often covered with grass to prevent destruction, and primarily installed in areas with high rainfall rates. The depth of this structures are variable depending on the slope of the land and need of the farmer. Locally, farmers in the study area call the traditional ditches "Umi".
