*2.1.5 XBee protocol*

XBee is perched to suit the comprehensive control/sensor network standard. Usually, this module consists of a 16-bit microcontroller amid all parts as some 16 – bit microcontroller might have (ADC, timer, watchdog, sleep timer, UART, general-purpose I/O port … .etc.). The schematic representation of XBee is shown in **Figure 10**.

**Figure 10.** *XBee.*

**Figure 11.** *PCB layout of the sensor node.*

Owing to the compensation of XBee technology like squat rate and stumpy power working modes and its topologies, this diminutive range communication technology is most excellent, suitable for numerous applications compared to other communications technologies such as Bluetooth, WI-FI, [11] etc. The PCB layout of sensor node drawn is shown in **Figure 11**.

The sink node of air pollution monitoring system is shown in **Figure 12**.

#### **3. IoT (internet of things)**

The IoT based air contamination monitoring system can be created via sensors and microcontrollers existing in the marketplace. The sink nodes are programmed to collect the data from the mote and transmit it to the cloud. An algorithm is proposed to examine the data and hurl it to the smart phone app. Smartphone app will be developed for user to access the air quality information in real-time [12, 13]. The IoT monitoring is scamper on the communication protocol maneuver. Internet of Things is now verdict reflective exploit in each and every area, plays an important role in this monitoring system too. This system monitors the effluence source from anywhere via PC or mobile. The system shows the air pollution in ppm on webpage, accordingly continuous monitoring can be done. IoT makes almost all "smart" which ameliorate aspects of our existence with the supremacy of data collection and networks. The thing in IoT can compared to be similar to a human being amid a diabetes supervise embed, an animal with tracking plans, etc. The basic block of IoT is depicted in **Figure 13**.

#### **3.1 Blynk platform**

Blynk is a podium with iOS and Android apps to control Arduino over the internet and is shown in **Figure 14**. It is a digital control panel where we can construct a advantage for our system by just dragging and dropping gadget. Blynk *Design and Development of Air Quality Monitoring System for Solapur City Using Smart… DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.98755*

**Figure 13.** *Basic blocks of IoT.*


can manage hardware distantly. Blynk server provides control over communication among the smartphone and hardware. It is an open source platform and be able to lever thousands of devices. Blynk Libraries are accessible and designed for almost all hardware platforms. These libraries help to communicate with the server and operate all inward and extrovert commands [14]. By pressing any key on Blynk app on the smartphone, the signal moves to the Blynk Cloud.
