**3. Result and discussion**

The data of the antenna design is obtained using a network analyzer in the chamber. To compare the simulation results, the antenna is measured using Network Analyzer. This is meant to determine the antenna design characteristics, including S11 Parameter, Bandwidth, VSWR, coefficient reflection, and return loss. The chamber in the laboratory is used to determine the gain and polarization pattern. An experimental schematic diagram in the laboratory is shown in **Figure 5**.

The **Figures 6** and **7** show the comparison between simulation and measurement results of the antenna S11-parameters and gain for 2x2 and 2x4 array models, respectively.

In the simulation, 8x2 array *bi-ellipse* microstrip antenna "model 1" work in 7.12 GHz frequency with a bandwidth range of approximately 90.0 MHz (7.07GHz-7.16GHz). The simulation result shows that the antenna works well within the design frequency range. This shows that it is effective in the bandwidth and antenna performance and can be applied in communication, especially in the C-Band frequency range. The simulation shown in the S11 parameter has a reflection coefficient 0.02, VSWR 1.04, return loss 33.75 dB, and 6.90 dB gain. In measurement, 8x2 array *bi-ellipse* microstrip antenna "model 1" works in 7.04 GHz frequency with bandwidth range of approximately 60.0 MHz (7.01GHz-7.07GHz), reflection coefficient 0.02, VSWR 1.05, return loss 32.43 dB and 6.61 dB Gain. The simulation 8x2 array *bi-ellipse* microstrip antenna "model 2" works in 7.11 GHz frequency with a bandwidth range of approximately 110.0 MHz (7.06GHz-7.17GHz). The simulation shown in the S11 parameter includes a reflection coefficient 0.01, VSWR 1.03, return loss 36.74 dB, and 7.49 dB Gain. In measurement 8x2, array *bi-ellipse* microstrip antenna "model 2" works in 7.14 GHz frequency with bandwidth range approximately of 60.0 MHz (7.11GHz-7.17GHz), reflection coefficient 0.03, VSWR 1.06, return loss 30.00 dB and 7.30 dB Gain.


#### **Table 2.**

*The comparison between simulated and measured of nxn array bi-ellipse microstrip antenna.*

In the simulation, an 8x4 array *bi-ellipse* microstrip antenna "model 1" works in 2.97 GHz frequency with a bandwidth range of approximately 300.0 MHz (2.82GHz-3.12GHz). The simulation result shows that the antenna works well

**Figure 8.**

*(a). The E plane polarization of the 8x2 array bi-ellipse microstrip antenna. (b). The E plane polarization of the 8x4 array* bi-ellipse *microstrip antenna.*

*Bi-Ellipse Microstripline Antenna Array Varians DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.98834*

within the design frequency range. This indicates that the 8x4 array *bi-ellipse* microstrip antenna "model 1" is effective in bandwidth and antenna performance. Therefore, it can be applied in communication, especially in the S-Band frequency range. The simulation shown in the S11 parameter includes a reflection coefficient 0.03, VSWR 1.07, return loss 29.23 dB, and 7.28 dB Gain. In measurement, 8x4 array *bi-ellipse* microstrip antenna "model 1" works in 2.95 GHz frequency with bandwidth range of approximately 280.0 MHz (2.81GHz-3.09GHz), reflection coefficient 0.04, VSWR 1.09, return loss 27.01 dB and 6.75 dB Gain. In the simulation, 8x4 array *bi-ellipse* microstrip antenna "model 2" work in 2.82 GHz frequency with a bandwidth range approximately 120.0 MHz (2.76GHz-2.88GHz). The simulation shown in the S11 parameter includes a reflection coefficient 0.03, VSWR 1.07, return loss 29.83 dB, and 8.46 dB Gain. In the measurement, 8x4 array *bi-ellipse* microstrip antenna "model 2" works in 2.74 GHz frequency with bandwidth range approximately 150.0 MHz (2.68GHz-2.83GHz), reflection coefficient 0.04, VSWR 1.09, return loss 27.06 dB and 8.19 dB Gain.

The following **Table 2** summarizes the results of the proposed antenna. The polarization and radiation pattern in the nxn array double bi-ellipse microstrip antenna design is linear and omnidirectional radiation pattern. The performance-based on polarization is presented in **Figure 8**.

This research indicates that the *bi-ellipse* microstrip antenna designed has several characteristics, including reflection coefficient < 1, voltage standing wave ratio ≤ 2, and return loss > -15 dB. Gain >5 dB, axial ratio, and radiation pattern are good indicator parameters that can be applied in satellite communications, especially in radar applications.
