**4. Presentation of the results**

#### **4.1 Antenna case**

The Antenna Parameters shown below are: Reflection Coefficient S11, Voltage Standing Wave Ratio (VSWR), Antenna Gain in (dB), and Antenna Input Impedance in Ohms The S11 reflection coefficient is the parameter demonstrating whether the antenna adaptation is good or not, the criterion for defining good adaptation through this parameter is S11 < 10 dB. The **Figure 11** below illustrate the S11 parameter of the antennas.

The Voltage Standing Wave Ratio (VSWR) is the parameter demonstrating if the adaptation of the antenna is good the characteristic value is VSWR ≤2 the **Figure 12** illustrates the voltage standing wave ratio obtained by the antennas.

The gain of the antenna characterizes the capacity of the antenna to radiate the maximum power that is ingested at its input. The **Figure 13** illustrate the gain of antennas.

The input impedance of the antenna obviously shows whether we have suitably adapted the antenna or not, it is also clear that this is one of the conditions to be satisfied in order to be able to make our Co-Design Block PA-Antenna the **Figure 14** below illustrates the impedance of our antennas.

In the summary of the **Figures 2** and **3** presented above we have proposed 04 antenna shapes the first shape (**Figure 2**) is the classic rectangular patch template then the other shapes offered are patch templates excluding classic models (**Figure 3**). We can obviously note that the antennas have a good adaptation and an input impedance at 50 ohms but the gain proposed by these antennas are quite low because the strongest gain proposed here is 7.25 dB to improve these gains so we

**Figure 11.** *Antennas parameter S11.*

**Figure 12.** *Stationary wave ratio of antennas.*

have model antenna arrays. An antenna array: is the combination of several antenna of the same type in order to form a single antenna the assembly of the different radiating elements must respect a certain distance between radiating element the standard pitch most used in most cases is not worth = 0.5λ for our work we will be interested in linear networks and we will model this one with 4 elements so the distance between will be worth 0.5λ **Figure 15** below presents the modeling of the two antenna arrays the step of value 0.5 λ is 5.36 mm. The **Figure 15** below illustrates the configuration of these antenna networks.

The reflection coefficients observed in each of the antenna networks below are illustrated in the **Figure 16** below.
