**4. Big bang and gravitational field**

Since mass M(t) and her induced gravitational field are temporal (t > 0) substances, by which induced gravitational field "coexists" with mass M(t) as given by,

$$\mathbf{F}(\mathbf{r};\mathbf{t}) = \mathbf{G} \begin{array}{c} \mathbf{m} \ M(\mathbf{t})\\ \mathbf{r} \mathbf{2} \end{array} \tag{1}$$

from which we see that gravitational force strength F(r; t) "decreases" rapidly as inverse square law of distance r, where G is a gravitational constant and m represents an unit reference mass (i.e., points of interest) as illustrated in **Figure 5**.

With reference to the point of interest, "potential" energy for each unit m away from gigantic mass M(t) is given by [9];

$$\mathbf{E}' = \mathbf{G}\_0 \mathbf{M}(\mathbf{t})/\mathbf{r} \tag{2}$$

where G0 = G � m is a "normalized" gravitational constant. In which it shows that gravitational energy exponentially "increases" as distance approaches to mass M(t).

#### **Figure 5.**

*Shows induced gravitational forces converge at a point-singularity approximated mass M(t). M represents a unit mass of interest. In which we see that without embedded within a temporal (t > 0) space paradigm it is impossible to create an induced gravitational field stored around mass M(t).*

From which we see that as mass M(t) "reduces" rapidly with time, magnetic force attached to m (i.e., point of interest) releases quickly that causes m moves outwardly away as the induced gravitational force loses her pull. The outward force acted on each m, by Newtonian second law is approximated as given by,

$$\mathbf{f} \approx \mathbf{ma} \tag{3}$$

where f is an outward acting force on unit m and a is its acceleration.

$$\mathbf{a} = \frac{\mathbf{G} \, \mathbf{M}(\mathbf{t})}{\mathbf{r} \mathbf{2}} \tag{4}$$

which is proportional to the inversed square laws of distance r. From **Figure 6** we see that further away from M(t) is lowering the acceleration a. While closer to M (t), acceleration of m is anticipated to be very high, as the gravitational field shrinks rapidly. This rapidly disappearing gravitational field give rise to a huge amount of energy as mass M(t) annihilates itself rapidly with time. From which we see that a gigantic gravitational energy together with a huge thermo-nuclei energy are simultaneously releasing as the big bang started.

Yet, without the thermo-nuclei mass annihilation there would be "no" such magnitude of gravitational waves that can be detected [10]. Unlike the electromagnetic waves, gravitational waves are mostly "longitudinal" waves which dissipated quickly due to mass in motion within our temporal (t > 0) universe. As in contrast with transversal electro-magnetic wave it travels at speed of light. From which we see that it is extremely difficult to detect gravitational waves due to mass or masses in motion within our universe as can be seen as depicted in **Figure 7**.

Nevertheless the essence of preexisting temporal (t > 0) space condition is very crucial since any analytical conjecture or solution comes out from a physically

#### **Figure 6.**

*Illustrates the thermo-nuclei big bang hypothesis, where the associated gravitational field releases its energy as the stored gravitational field shrinking with time rapidly. In which we see that unit m moves outwardly as gravitational field shrinks rapidly with mass M(t) annihilates.*

*Temporal (t > 0) Space and Gravitational Waves DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.99474*

### **Figure 7.**

*Shows a scenario of possible black holes collide-annihilation or neutron star explosion. Aside the anticipated electro-magnetic energy radiation at speed of light, a huge gravitational waves releases as mases of black holes annihilation as depicted in the figure.*

realizable paradigm is "likely" to be physically realizable, as in contrast with commonly used paradigm gravitational field can be created within an "empty" space. Since substance and emptiness are mutually exclusive, empty space is a "nonphysically" realizable paradigm [11]. Aside the non-physically realizable issue, empty space has "no" substances for gravitational field to store. From which we see that it is a physically realizable reason to assume that big bang explosion was triggered by a huge convergent gravitational force induced by mass M(t), instead triggered by time as some cosmologists believed.
