**8. Conclusions**

In this chapter, we investigated the state of climate change adaptation in the Sahel. The findings show that Kenya recorded the most adaptation actions while regionally, West Africa reported the highest. The approach used in this study provides a proxy-based perspective and baseline from which climate change can be monitored and tracked over time. It is important that various stakeholders come together using this information to further enhance climate change adaptation in the Sahel. This is important as the results from this study show that at country level adaptations to climate change are still at infancy judged by the low frequencies and percentages recorded at the country level.

Due to the existence of a lot that is unknown about climate change adaptation across the Sahel, it becomes important that moving forward attention is given to evidence-based research. It is suggested that more systematic reviews that cover most other regions of Africa be considered. Additionally, gray literature and a wider time scale should be considered. Advancing more research into other regions will go a long way in providing a bigger picture of the status of climate change adaptation across the continent of Africa. Looking at the gray literature will help in brining to the lamplight other potential options not found in the peer review literature. Finally, it is also important to better understand the climatic and non-climatic shocks that are driving adaptation actions in the Sahel and Africa in general. This will enhance the policy process aimed at triggering better adaptation options based on the actual drivers of change.
