**2. Climate change framing in Nigeria**

*Nigeria is in West Africa—bordering Niger in the north, Cameroon in the west, Benin in the west, and Gulf of Guinea in the South. Nigeria is the most populous African country and seventh in the world with over 200 million people. She is often considered the giant of Africa because of her population and economy. Nigeria has the largest economy in Sub Saharan Africa and relies heavily on crude oil export. Aside from crude oil being the major source of Nigeria's economy, agriculture plays a pivotal role in the population's local economy and general sustainability. She has a diverse geography, ranging from arid to humid equatorial—equatorial in the south, tropical in the center, and arid in the north. Nigeria has a tropical climate with varying rainy and dry seasons, depending on location—more rainy days in the south, west, and east, and less precipitation in the north and northeast. With Nigeria having low precipitation in the north to high precipitation in the south, the climate change can lead to drought and desertification in the north, then flood and erosion in the south. Climate change would most likely impact sectors such as agriculture, fisheries, food security, water, forestry, health, economy, and energy.*

Over the past couple of years, in the global context, there has been several media discourse and research around climate change impact on public health raised by the World Health Organization (WHO), United Nations (UN), Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), and other governmental and private parastatal. The health concerns raised from the global discourse have led to the issuance of a global health concern [2, 15]. Other studies have been based on numerous studies of experts seeking to conceptualize climate change and reframe the perceived idea that climate change is a distant threat and highlight the anthropogenic nature [16–20].

Climate change is largely framed primarily as a public health issue within the global context, and the same is often projected to African nations [21, 22]. However, within the Nigerian context and Africa at large, there is a different discourse regarding climate change and its effects. For example, the media in Nigeria report climate change issues through the local and national lenses rather than the "expected" global context [23–25]. These media reports are centered on the negative effects of climate change on agricultural yields, economic strains, and infrastructural damage.

Only recently, after signing the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) and Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) in 2015, Nigeria began to report climate change effects on health. However, even with the SDGs and MDGs accentuation of climate change threats on health, the coverage and reports of climate change effects on health are still lagging. The media coverages are often centered around irregular rainfall, flood, drought, vulnerable farming populations, and desertification related to agricultural productivity—food quality and supply—and economic effects. Hence, it is through the lenses of agricultural sustainability and economic growth that climate change is mostly viewed.
