**6. Oil and gas: challenge for decarbonizing energy systems and the environment**

Although Uganda is targeting a low carbon development path in line with its climate change policy and Nationally Determined Contribution to UNFCC, at the same time, there is ongoing development in oil and gas sector. There have been great expectations that oil and gas development will socioeconomically transform Uganda to MIC status through increased investments, revenue generation, infrastructure development and job creation along the value chains. For example, the oil and gas resources once fully developed could fetch up to US\$2bn per annum for 20 to 30 years, and to contribute between 20% and 30% to the country's Gross Domestic Product [19]. However, the sub-sector has enormous challenges it poses to the environment, biodiversity and ecosystems and particularly for upstream and mid-stream activities, but besides oil development and use is a challenge for decarbonization efforts the country and achievement of carbon neutrality because it will greatly increase the country's GHG emissions. In this section, we provide an overview of Uganda's oil and gas sector and

its likely impact on environment and naturals resources and Uganda's efforts to contribute to the achievement of the Paris Agreement on climate change.
