**1.5 Research methodology**

The research used the remote management<sup>2</sup> modality (Cross- boarder humanitarian program) in collecting the data needed, local organizations and enumerators worked inside Syria during the reconciliation agreements between the opposition groups and the Syrian army on 2018. Humanitarian agencies that worked to support the most vulnerable people in need in South Syria. The analysis of data for the survey was carried out in two stages—univariate and bivariate analyses in order to assess the single variables, and the relation between two variables for the research demographic and objectives. At the univariate stage of the analysis, variations within demographic variables were explored, to support the analysis of carbon footprint for each installed system at 13 households and six rehabilitated factories, in terms of using renewable energy source, such as the solar panel to mitigate climate change.

The second stage of the analysis was the bivariate level, where relationships between sociodemographic characteristics and the resilience indicators were assessed, for the targeted household and factories, with main consideration to the gender-disaggregated data.

A flexible approach to the research was adopted, due to the security context in Syria as well as the remote management of this research. A purposive sampling approach was used, in order to ensure the survey finding is reflecting the realities faced by whom is using the solar panels for shallow aquifer wells, rather than the population at large [17]. The research used the sample as a case study for potential investigation, and due to the challenges that faced the data collection, more focus discussions were conducted in small focus groups with the enumerators, remotely for further understanding.
