**1. Introduction**

The history of agriculture is inextricably linked to the account of humanity. Different theories of the origin of farming, although divergent in their views, are united in the fact that "the cultural force of alienation" [1] significantly influenced the development of humanity. And the whole domestication of plants went along the way of concentrating on their various organs, which are consumed for human consumption. The story of agriculture is directly related to the cultivation of plants, landscape, and climatic conditions. Concerning technological innovations in plant cultivation, these technologies appeared and improved in cases where humanity, for various reasons, had to grow plants in unfavorable conditions. Less fertile soils, less light, heat, and other vital factors forced people to improve agricultural practices. Some researchers [2] and [3] rightly note that all four ancient civilizations of the Old World were located in the temperate zone of the Northern Hemisphere in a narrow strip along the thirtieth parallel. The alluvial deposits of the flooding Tigris, Euphrates, Nile, Indus and Yellow River allowed highly developed civilizations entirely dependent on river irrigation.

According to one of the hypotheses of the development of agriculture, the increase in population was its consequence, thanks to which man colonized new lands, settling in different corners of the planet, involving in its use an increasing amount of land resources.

The next round of the industrial revolution led to the widespread use of fossil fuels, in all areas of human activity, including, for the most part, the agro-industrial complex. The result has been a disruption of the natural cycle and balance of greenhouse gases on the planet, resulting in a gradual increase in the average annual temperature of the earth (**Figure 1**). On a planetary scale, this will lead to irreversible consequences, and already all countries of the world are concerned about global warming.

In addition to changes in temperature, humans are applying various mineral fertilizers and crop protection products in large quantities to maintain crop yields. Unfortunately, this also has negative consequences, but for soil fertility in traditional crop-growing regions. **Figures 2** and **3** show the dynamics of demand for mineral fertilizers in the world.

Soil degradation results from the pursuit of profit and squeezing all the nutrients out of the earth in all traditionally agricultural regions. And actively stimulating the soil with nutrients using fertilizer application only worsens the situation because the concentration of fertilizers is so high that the ground is deprived of its top quality fertility - for many years.

These two reasons make it necessary to look for new land to cultivate and organize agricultural production. The way out of this situation, scientists see in the transfer of agricultural land to the North. For example, researchers at Singapore's Rajaratnam School of International Studies (RSIS), Goh Tian and Jonathan Lassa, point out that the greenhouse effect will make Northern Canada, Russia and the

**Figure 1.**

*Change in carbon dioxide emissions from human activities over the past 140 years [http://www.ladoga-lake.ru/ pages/artcl-geology-ivashchenko-climat.php].*

*The Impact of Global Warming and Climate Change on the Development of Agriculture… DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.99392*

#### **Figure 2.**

*Fertilizer demand trends in selected countries of the world [https://belchemoil.by/news/tehnologii-i-trendy/tre ndy-mirovogo-rynka-udobrenij].*

#### **Figure 3.**

*Expected demand for fertilizers in selected countries of the world [https://belchemoil.by/news/tehnologii-i-trend y/trendy-mirovogo-rynka-udobrenij].*

USA, southern Argentina mountainous tropics suitable for farming. "However, favourable conditions for some countries do not guarantee an increase in yields. The winners of climate change will be the countries that can take advantage of the opportunities presented by climate change. Above all, warming will create new regional agricultural centres to replace the old ones and reshape the market for producers - not only between exporters and importers but also between small and large companies" [https://penzanews.ru/analysis/92531-2015].
