**1. Introduction**

The degradation of the environment is undoubtedly one of the most serious threats to the people's livelihood across the world today, and Climate change happens to be one of principal causes and consequences of environmental degradation. Originally, climate change was considered as an environmental challenge, but now is being recognized as a political, social and sustainable development issue. In this views, Antwi [1] explains that adaptation related policies have been viewed in different contexts over the years. Antwi points out that climate change is now regarded as a major threat to human security with focus on different aspects. Martin [2] argues that climate change severely affects people's livelihoods worldwide through the intensification of natural disasters; global warming which leads to increased temperature and changes in precipitations resulting in droughts and flooding. These hazards affect agricultural production and access to clean water. The Stern Review [3] points out that with a greater amount of warming, global food production is likely to be seriously affected; especially in Africa, declining crop yields could leave hundreds of millions without the ability to produce or purchase sufficient food.

In addition, Misra [4] mentions that the impacts of climate change such as the depletion of water resource and the rise in global average temperature have created conditions for a decline in agricultural production which, in turn, leads to food price inflation globally as well as food shortages in developing countries.

However, it is crucial to shed light on the complex link between climate change and land use in order to capture, the impact of global warming on agricultural sector in general, and in Rwanda particularly. Land use practices (anthropogenic activities) affect the global concentration of greenhouse gases. While Land use practices constitute an important driver of climate change, a changing climate change on the other hand can lead to changes in land use. Thus, for example, farmers might change their customary crops to crops that are climate smart.

In Rwanda, agriculture is an important sector, because it largely contributes to crops production, national and household income, and food security to mention few [5]. Despite its important contribution to the Rwanda's economy, agriculture in Rwanda is highly sensitive to climate change. High temperatures eventually reduce yields of desirable crops and tend to encourage weed and pest proliferation, long periods of sun provoke desertification in some areas, while erratic rainfall leads to floods, erosion, landslides and loss of suitable arable soil. That is why the government of Rwanda aligns its self in the implementation of mitigation and adaptation strategies recommended by international protocols such as Sustainable Development Strategies (SDGs).
