**4.4 Population growth and migration**

Demographic changes due to increasing climate refugees increases the stress on the host land, adding to the problem of environmental degradation and making lives of people more vulnerable. Settlement along the rivers is more prone to disaster of floods, more damaging to the temporary or semi-temporary infrastructure for living. This also adds to the contamination of surface water and creates stress on dwindling freshwater resources. Social inequalities, less opportunities for livelihood, economic weakness, food insecurity and political instability causes fundamental threat to human life posing serious repercussions to the environment. Global demand of fresh water is sharply increasing primarily due to increasing population.
