**3. The intensification of bovine protein livestock production and the adaptation of crop-livestock production systems**

There was reported [5] an increasing global population from about 4.4 billion in 1980 to 6.1 billion in 2000 with a 2% yearly increases which is again projected to reach 9.7 billion by 2050 [5]. It is well known that enough food is produced globally to meet the nutritional need of the entire human population, however, this food supply is not within the reach of people in all continents of the world. This is found to be true especially as it concerns the poor populace in the rural areas in developing countries due to some socio-economic barriers, harsh climatic and environmental conditions [12] and these lead to various challenges in the global food security. Therefore, there is the need to outline few of the various steps or projects conducted to investigate some of the bovine livestock production systems adopted worldwide to enhance food security.
