Meet the editor

Dr. Elena Franco-Robles has an MMSc and DMSc from the Department of Medical Sciences, University of Guanajuato, Mexico. She also has a BS in Pharmaceutical Chemistry from the Faculty of Chemistry at the same university. She completed a post-doctorate in Biochemistry and Biotechnology at the Center for Research and Advanced Studies of the National Polytechnic Institute (CINVESTAV-IPN). In recent years, she has published

more than fifteen scientific articles in international indexed and peer-reviewed journals on in vitro and in vivo studies, mainly in laboratory animals, which have been widely cited. She has been an evaluator of scientific articles and manuscripts for various international scientific publishers. The line of research that she develops is multidisciplinary in the areas of animal health, mucosal immunology, clinical diagnosis, and functional ingredients. She has collaborated with various educational institutions and research centers, as well as with the industrial sector. Dr. Franco has taught various courses and seminars and has participated in various national and international scientific conferences. Likewise, she has advised various students for the development and completion of bachelor's degrees, Master of Science degrees, and Doctor of Science theses in the health discipline.

Contents

Mucosal Immunology *by Saeed Sepehrnia*

Probiotic: An Uprising Human Health Concept

The Immunomodulatory Role of Probiotics

*Qandeel Arshad and Ayesha Siddique*

Experimental Confirmation

and Non-Health Fields

and Probiotic Traits

*and Eric Guédon*

*by Faisal Siddique, Kashif Akram, Etab Saleh Alghamdi,* 

Probiotics as Potential Antimicrobials for the Treatment

Probiotics and Postbiotics from Food to Health: Antimicrobial

*by Janet Cheruiyot Kosgey, Mercy W. Mwaniki and Fengmin Zhang*

Single Strain Probiotic Bifidobacteria Approach in Health

*Propionibacterium freudenreichii*: General Characteristics

*by Vinícius de Rezende Rodovalho, Diego Lucas Neres Rodrigues, Gwénaël Jan, Yves Le Loir, Vasco Ariston de Carvalho Azevedo* 

*by Hüseyin Sancar Bozkurt and Havva Bozkurt*

of Infections: Current Reality or Remote Future? *by Diego Romario-Silva, Otavio Akira Souza Sakaguchi, Andrea Cristina Barbosa da Silva, Janaína Orlandi Sardi, Rafaela Parolina de Carvalho, Sindy Magri Roque, Lincoln Pires Silva Borges, Rodrigo Barros Esteves Lins, Letícia Targino Campos and Edja Maria Melo de Brito Costa*

**Preface XI**

**Chapter 1 1**

**Chapter 2 27**

**Chapter 3 47**

**Chapter 4 61**

**Chapter 5 83**

**Chapter 6 105**

**Chapter 7 115**

*by Amishi Bhatt, Dhyey Kothari, Charmy Kothari and Ramesh Kothari*
